CVE-2025-9961
Authenticated RCE by CWMP binary
An authenticated attacker may remotely execute arbitrary code via the CWMP binary on the devices AX10 and AX1500.
The exploit can only be conducted via a Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attack.
This issue affects AX10 V1/V1.2/V2/V2.6/V3/V3.6: before 1.2.1; AX1500 V1/V1.20/V1.26/V1.60/V1.80/V2.60/V3.6: before 1.3.11.
Attack profile
How easy it is to exploit
- Attack vector
- Network
- Complexity
- Low
- Privileges needed
- High
- User interaction
- None
What an attacker can affect
- Confidentiality
- High
- Integrity
- High
- Availability
- High
Exploit likelihood
What each source reports
CVE List Score used
Authenticated RCE by CWMP binary
An authenticated attacker may remotely execute arbitrary code via the CWMP binary on the devices AX10 and AX1500.
The exploit can only be conducted via a Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attack.
This issue affects AX10 V1/V1.2/V2/V2.6/V3/V3.6: before 1.2.1; AX1500 V1/V1.20/V1.26/V1.60/V1.80/V2.60/V3.6: before 1.3.11.
- Record
CVE-2025-9961- CVSS 4.0
- 8.6 High
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N - Weakness
- CWE-120
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2025-27074
An authenticated attacker may remotely execute arbitrary code via the CWMP binary on the devices AX10 and AX1500.
The exploit can only be conducted via a Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attack.
This issue affects AX10 V1/V1.2/V2/V2.6/V3/V3.6: before 1.2.1; AX1500 V1/V1.20/V1.26/V1.60/V1.80/V2.60/V3.6: before 1.3.11.
- Record
EUVD-2025-27074- CVSS 4.0
- 8.6 High
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N - Updated
- 2026-11-02
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-mrm5-v7mh-6mmq
An authenticated attacker may remotely execute arbitrary code via the CWMP binary on the devices...
An authenticated attacker may remotely execute arbitrary code via the CWMP binary on the devices AX10 and AX1500.
The exploit can only be conducted via a Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attack.
This issue affects AX10 V1/V1.2/V2/V2.6/V3/V3.6: before 1.2.1; AX1500 V1/V1.20/V1.26/V1.60/V1.80/V2.60/V3.6: before 1.3.11.
- Record
GHSA-mrm5-v7mh-6mmq- CVSS 4.0
- 8.6 High
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X - Weakness
- CWE-120
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
NVD
An authenticated attacker may remotely execute arbitrary code via the CWMP binary on the devices AX10 and AX1500.
The exploit can only be conducted via a Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attack.
This issue affects AX10 V1/V1.2/V2/V2.6/V3/V3.6: before 1.2.1; AX1500 V1/V1.20/V1.26/V1.60/V1.80/V2.60/V3.6: before 1.3.11.
- Record
CVE-2025-9961- CVSS 4.0
- 8.6 High
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X - Weakness
- CWE-120
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
Affected products
Public exploits
Links only. Every CVE stores no exploit code.
| Source | Link | Date |
|---|---|---|
| PoC in GitHub | yt2w/CVE-2025-9961 | 2025-12-29 |
History
| Recorded | Changed | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| first indexed | CVE List, EUVD, GitHub Advisories, NVD, PoC in GitHub |
Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.
In short
CVE-2025-9961 is a high vulnerability (CVSS 8.6) in Tp-link Systems Inc. Ax10 V1/v1.2/v2/v2.6/v3/v3.6, published September 6, 2025. Public exploit code exists. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 11.5%, the 96th percentile. No source names a fixed version.
References
blog.byteray.co.uk/zero-day-alert-automated-discovery-of-critical-cwmp-stack-overflow-in-tp-link-routers-0bc495a08679
tp-link.com/us/support/faq/4647
nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9961
github.com/advisories/GHSA-mrm5-v7mh-6mmq