CVE-2026-105748

Docling simplifies document processing by parsing diverse formats and providing integrations with the generative AI ecosystem. From 2.16.0 until 2.131.0, the InputFormat.JSON_DOCLING backend in docling/backend/json/docling_json_backend.py validates serialized DoclingDocument input without rejecting picture image references that contain local paths or file URIs. When the document is enriched or exported with ImageRefMode.EMBEDDED, the DoclingDocument._with_embedded_pictures and ImageRef.pil_image methods can open those references and place readable image bytes in Markdown or HTML output. Disclosure is limited to files Pillow can decode as images, while differing decode behavior can also reveal whether a path exists. Direct untrusted loading through docling-core is outside this Docling fix. This issue is fixed in 2.131.0.

Docling simplifies document processing by parsing diverse formats and providing integrations with the generative AI ecosystem. From 2.16.0 until 2.131.0, the InputFormat.JSON_DOCLING backend in docling/backend/json/docling_json_backend.py validates serialized DoclingDocument input without rejecting picture image references that contain local paths or file URIs. When the document is enriched or exported with ImageRefMode.EMBEDDED, the DoclingDocument._with_embedded_pictures and ImageRef.pil_image methods can open those references and place readable image bytes in Markdown or HTML output. Disclosure is limited to files Pillow can decode as images, while differing decode behavior can also reveal whether a path exists. Direct untrusted loading through docling-core is outside this Docling fix. This issue is fixed in 2.131.0.

Summary

docling accepts serialized DoclingDocument JSON as an input format (InputFormat.JSON_DOCLING, enabled by default). A crafted JSON file can set a picture's image uri to a local file path. When the converted document is exported with embedded images (ImageRefMode.EMBEDDED, the CLI default for Markdown and HTML), the referenced file is read and embedded as base64 in the output.

Details

docling/backend/json/docling_json_backend.py validates the JSON into a DoclingDocument without checking image references. The file is then read by docling-core:

• DoclingDocument._with_embedded_pictures opens file:// and plain-path URIs with PIL.
• ImageRef.pil_image checks allow_image_file_uri for file:// URIs but not for plain Path values. docling's picture enrichment models load images through this property.

Only files that PIL can decode as an image are disclosed. Other files, such as text files or keys, fail to decode and are not embedded. The different error behaviour does reveal whether a path exists.

Impact

Disclosure of image files readable by the converting process (for example other users' uploads or page images in a shared service), and disclosure of whether a local path exists.

Proof of concept

from pathlib import Path
from docling_core.types.doc import DoclingDocument, ImageRef
from docling_core.types.doc.base import Size

doc = DoclingDocument(name="poc")
doc.add_picture(image=ImageRef(mimetype="image/png", dpi=72, size=Size(width=1, height=1),
                               uri=Path("/srv/uploads/other-user/scan.png")))
doc.save_as_json("poc.json")

docling poc.json --to md embeds the referenced PNG as base64 in poc.md.

Patches

Fixed in docling 2.131.0 by #4417. The Docling JSON backend now drops image references that point at local files (paths, file: URIs and any scheme other than data: and http(s)) and logs a warning. Callers that need to load local images from JSON they trust can opt in with DoclingJSONFormatOption(backend_options=DeclarativeBackendOptions(enable_local_fetch=True)); the CLI has no such option.

Code that loads untrusted JSON directly with docling-core (DoclingDocument.load_from_json) and exports it with embedded images is not covered by this fix; that part is tracked in docling-core.

Workarounds

Upgrade to 2.131.0. For older versions:

• Remove InputFormat.JSON_DOCLING from allowed_formats when converting untrusted input.
• Export with ImageRefMode.PLACEHOLDER or ImageRefMode.REFERENCED instead of EMBEDDED.

Docling simplifies document processing by parsing diverse formats and providing integrations with the generative AI ecosystem. From 2.16.0 until 2.131.0, the InputFormat.JSON_DOCLING backend in docling/backend/json/docling_json_backend.py validates serialized DoclingDocument input without rejecting picture image references that contain local paths or file URIs. When the document is enriched or exported with ImageRefMode.EMBEDDED, the DoclingDocument._with_embedded_pictures and ImageRef.pil_image methods can open those references and place readable image bytes in Markdown or HTML output. Disclosure is limited to files Pillow can decode as images, while differing decode behavior can also reveal whether a path exists. Direct untrusted loading through docling-core is outside this Docling fix. This issue is fixed in 2.131.0.

Docling simplifies document processing by parsing diverse formats and providing integrations with the generative AI ecosystem. From 2.16.0 until 2.131.0, the InputFormat.JSON_DOCLING backend in docling/backend/json/docling_json_backend.py validates serialized DoclingDocument input without rejecting picture image references that contain local paths or file URIs. When the document is enriched or exported with ImageRefMode.EMBEDDED, the DoclingDocument._with_embedded_pictures and ImageRef.pil_image methods can open those references and place readable image bytes in Markdown or HTML output. Disclosure is limited to files Pillow can decode as images, while differing decode behavior can also reveal whether a path exists. Direct untrusted loading through docling-core is outside this Docling fix. This issue is fixed in 2.131.0.

Summary

docling accepts serialized DoclingDocument JSON as an input format (InputFormat.JSON_DOCLING, enabled by default). A crafted JSON file can set a picture's image uri to a local file path. When the converted document is exported with embedded images (ImageRefMode.EMBEDDED, the CLI default for Markdown and HTML), the referenced file is read and embedded as base64 in the output.

Details

docling/backend/json/docling_json_backend.py validates the JSON into a DoclingDocument without checking image references. The file is then read by docling-core:

• DoclingDocument._with_embedded_pictures opens file:// and plain-path URIs with PIL.
• ImageRef.pil_image checks allow_image_file_uri for file:// URIs but not for plain Path values. docling's picture enrichment models load images through this property.

Only files that PIL can decode as an image are disclosed. Other files, such as text files or keys, fail to decode and are not embedded. The different error behaviour does reveal whether a path exists.

Impact

Disclosure of image files readable by the converting process (for example other users' uploads or page images in a shared service), and disclosure of whether a local path exists.

Proof of concept

from pathlib import Path
from docling_core.types.doc import DoclingDocument, ImageRef
from docling_core.types.doc.base import Size

doc = DoclingDocument(name="poc")
doc.add_picture(image=ImageRef(mimetype="image/png", dpi=72, size=Size(width=1, height=1),
                               uri=Path("/srv/uploads/other-user/scan.png")))
doc.save_as_json("poc.json")

docling poc.json --to md embeds the referenced PNG as base64 in poc.md.

Patches

Fixed in docling 2.131.0 by #4417. The Docling JSON backend now drops image references that point at local files (paths, file: URIs and any scheme other than data: and http(s)) and logs a warning. Callers that need to load local images from JSON they trust can opt in with DoclingJSONFormatOption(backend_options=DeclarativeBackendOptions(enable_local_fetch=True)); the CLI has no such option.

Code that loads untrusted JSON directly with docling-core (DoclingDocument.load_from_json) and exports it with embedded images is not covered by this fix; that part is tracked in docling-core.

Workarounds

Upgrade to 2.131.0. For older versions:

• Remove InputFormat.JSON_DOCLING from allowed_formats when converting untrusted input.
• Export with ImageRefMode.PLACEHOLDER or ImageRefMode.REFERENCED instead of EMBEDDED.

Summary

docling accepts serialized DoclingDocument JSON as an input format (InputFormat.JSON_DOCLING, enabled by default). A crafted JSON file can set a picture's image uri to a local file path. When the converted document is exported with embedded images (ImageRefMode.EMBEDDED, the CLI default for Markdown and HTML), the referenced file is read and embedded as base64 in the output.

Details

docling/backend/json/docling_json_backend.py validates the JSON into a DoclingDocument without checking image references. The file is then read by docling-core:

• DoclingDocument._with_embedded_pictures opens file:// and plain-path URIs with PIL.
• ImageRef.pil_image checks allow_image_file_uri for file:// URIs but not for plain Path values. docling's picture enrichment models load images through this property.

Only files that PIL can decode as an image are disclosed. Other files, such as text files or keys, fail to decode and are not embedded. The different error behaviour does reveal whether a path exists.

Impact

Disclosure of image files readable by the converting process (for example other users' uploads or page images in a shared service), and disclosure of whether a local path exists.

Proof of concept

from pathlib import Path
from docling_core.types.doc import DoclingDocument, ImageRef
from docling_core.types.doc.base import Size

doc = DoclingDocument(name="poc")
doc.add_picture(image=ImageRef(mimetype="image/png", dpi=72, size=Size(width=1, height=1),
                               uri=Path("/srv/uploads/other-user/scan.png")))
doc.save_as_json("poc.json")

docling poc.json --to md embeds the referenced PNG as base64 in poc.md.

Patches

Fixed in docling 2.131.0 by #4417. The Docling JSON backend now drops image references that point at local files (paths, file: URIs and any scheme other than data: and http(s)) and logs a warning. Callers that need to load local images from JSON they trust can opt in with DoclingJSONFormatOption(backend_options=DeclarativeBackendOptions(enable_local_fetch=True)); the CLI has no such option.

Code that loads untrusted JSON directly with docling-core (DoclingDocument.load_from_json) and exports it with embedded images is not covered by this fix; that part is tracked in docling-core.

Workarounds

Upgrade to 2.131.0. For older versions:

• Remove InputFormat.JSON_DOCLING from allowed_formats when converting untrusted input.
• Export with ImageRefMode.PLACEHOLDER or ImageRefMode.REFERENCED instead of EMBEDDED.

Summary

docling accepts serialized DoclingDocument JSON as an input format (InputFormat.JSON_DOCLING, enabled by default). A crafted JSON file can set a picture's image uri to a local file path. When the converted document is exported with embedded images (ImageRefMode.EMBEDDED, the CLI default for Markdown and HTML), the referenced file is read and embedded as base64 in the output.

Details

docling/backend/json/docling_json_backend.py validates the JSON into a DoclingDocument without checking image references. The file is then read by docling-core:

• DoclingDocument._with_embedded_pictures opens file:// and plain-path URIs with PIL.
• ImageRef.pil_image checks allow_image_file_uri for file:// URIs but not for plain Path values. docling's picture enrichment models load images through this property.

Only files that PIL can decode as an image are disclosed. Other files, such as text files or keys, fail to decode and are not embedded. The different error behaviour does reveal whether a path exists.

Impact

Disclosure of image files readable by the converting process (for example other users' uploads or page images in a shared service), and disclosure of whether a local path exists.

Proof of concept

from pathlib import Path
from docling_core.types.doc import DoclingDocument, ImageRef
from docling_core.types.doc.base import Size

doc = DoclingDocument(name="poc")
doc.add_picture(image=ImageRef(mimetype="image/png", dpi=72, size=Size(width=1, height=1),
                               uri=Path("/srv/uploads/other-user/scan.png")))
doc.save_as_json("poc.json")

docling poc.json --to md embeds the referenced PNG as base64 in poc.md.

Patches

Fixed in docling 2.131.0 by #4417. The Docling JSON backend now drops image references that point at local files (paths, file: URIs and any scheme other than data: and http(s)) and logs a warning. Callers that need to load local images from JSON they trust can opt in with DoclingJSONFormatOption(backend_options=DeclarativeBackendOptions(enable_local_fetch=True)); the CLI has no such option.

Code that loads untrusted JSON directly with docling-core (DoclingDocument.load_from_json) and exports it with embedded images is not covered by this fix; that part is tracked in docling-core.

Workarounds

Upgrade to 2.131.0. For older versions:

• Remove InputFormat.JSON_DOCLING from allowed_formats when converting untrusted input.
• Export with ImageRefMode.PLACEHOLDER or ImageRefMode.REFERENCED instead of EMBEDDED.