CVE-2026-117645

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in phoenixframework phoenix_html allows an attacker who controls attribute names to inject attributes and script into rendered HTML via Phoenix.HTML.attributes_escape/1.

attributes_escape/1 in lib/phoenix_html.ex escapes attribute values but not attribute names. key_escape/1 passes a binary key through html_escape, which neutralizes quotes and angle brackets but not whitespace, so a key such as x onmouseover ends the attribute and starts a new one. An atom key is only dasherized, so any character passes, including quotes and >. Nested data, aria and phx keys take the same paths. An application is affected when it builds attribute keys from untrusted input and renders them through HEEx <tag {@attrs}>, content_tag/3, or a direct call. Before 3.0.0 the same code lived in Phoenix.HTML.Tag.

This issue affects phoenix_html: from 1.0.0 before 3.3.5 and from 4.0.0 before 4.4.0.

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in phoenixframework phoenix_html allows an attacker who controls attribute names to inject attributes and script into rendered HTML via Phoenix.HTML.attributes_escape/1.

attributes_escape/1 in lib/phoenix_html.ex escapes attribute values but not attribute names. key_escape/1 passes a binary key through html_escape, which neutralizes quotes and angle brackets but not whitespace, so a key such as x onmouseover ends the attribute and starts a new one. An atom key is only dasherized, so any character passes, including quotes and >. Nested data, aria and phx keys take the same paths. An application is affected when it builds attribute keys from untrusted input and renders them through HEEx <tag {@attrs}>, content_tag/3, or a direct call. Before 3.0.0 the same code lived in Phoenix.HTML.Tag.

This issue affects phoenix_html: from 1.0.0 before 3.3.5 and from 4.0.0 before 4.4.0.

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in phoenixframework phoenix_html allows an attacker who controls attribute names to inject attributes and script into rendered HTML via Phoenix.HTML.attributes_escape/1.

attributes_escape/1 in lib/phoenix_html.ex escapes attribute values but not attribute names. key_escape/1 passes a binary key through html_escape, which neutralizes quotes and angle brackets but not whitespace, so a key such as x onmouseover ends the attribute and starts a new one. An atom key is only dasherized, so any character passes, including quotes and >. Nested data, aria and phx keys take the same paths. An application is affected when it builds attribute keys from untrusted input and renders them through HEEx <tag {@attrs}>, content_tag/3, or a direct call. Before 3.0.0 the same code lived in Phoenix.HTML.Tag.

This issue affects phoenix_html: from 1.0.0 before 3.3.5 and from 4.0.0 before 4.4.0.

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in phoenixframework phoenix_html allows an attacker who controls attribute names to inject attributes and script into rendered HTML via Phoenix.HTML.attributes_escape/1.

attributes_escape/1 in lib/phoenix_html.ex escapes attribute values but not attribute names. key_escape/1 passes a binary key through html_escape, which neutralizes quotes and angle brackets but not whitespace, so a key such as x onmouseover ends the attribute and starts a new one. An atom key is only dasherized, so any character passes, including quotes and >. Nested data, aria and phx keys take the same paths. An application is affected when it builds attribute keys from untrusted input and renders them through HEEx <tag {@attrs}>, content_tag/3, or a direct call. Before 3.0.0 the same code lived in Phoenix.HTML.Tag.

This issue affects phoenix_html: from 1.0.0 before 3.3.5 and from 4.0.0 before 4.4.0.

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in phoenixframework phoenix_html allows an attacker who controls attribute names to inject attributes and script into rendered HTML via Phoenix.HTML.attributes_escape/1.

attributes_escape/1 in lib/phoenix_html.ex escapes attribute values but not attribute names. key_escape/1 passes a binary key through html_escape, which neutralizes quotes and angle brackets but not whitespace, so a key such as x onmouseover ends the attribute and starts a new one. An atom key is only dasherized, so any character passes, including quotes and >. Nested data, aria and phx keys take the same paths. An application is affected when it builds attribute keys from untrusted input and renders them through HEEx <tag {@attrs}>, content_tag/3, or a direct call. Before 3.0.0 the same code lived in Phoenix.HTML.Tag.

This issue affects phoenix_html: from 1.0.0 before 3.3.5 and from 4.0.0 before 4.4.0.

Summary

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in phoenixframework phoenix_html allows an attacker who controls attribute names to inject attributes and script into rendered HTML via Phoenix.HTML.attributes_escape/1.

attributes_escape/1 in lib/phoenix_html.ex escapes attribute values but not attribute names. key_escape/1 passes a binary key through html_escape, which neutralizes quotes and angle brackets but not whitespace, so a key such as x onmouseover ends the attribute and starts a new one. An atom key is only dasherized, so any character passes, including quotes and >. Nested data, aria and phx keys take the same paths. An application is affected when it builds attribute keys from untrusted input and renders them through HEEx <tag {@attrs}>, content_tag/3, or a direct call. Before 3.0.0 the same code lived in Phoenix.HTML.Tag.

This issue affects phoenix_html: from 1.0.0 before 3.3.5 and from 4.0.0 before 4.4.0.

Details

1. Attribute rendering. Phoenix.HTML.attributes_escape/1 walks the key-value pairs through build_attrs/1 and nested_attrs/3 and emits each as key_escape(k)="attr_escape(v)". Values are escaped. Names are not checked against the HTML attribute-name grammar.

2. Binary names. key_escape/1 sends a binary through Phoenix.HTML.Engine.html_escape/1, which replaces &, <, >, " and '. Whitespace passes. HTML uses whitespace to separate attributes, so %{"x onmouseover" => "alert(1)"} renders x onmouseover="alert(1)": a harmless x attribute followed by an attacker-chosen event handler.

3. Atom names. key_escape/1 converts an atom with Atom.to_string/1 and replaces _ with -. Nothing is escaped, so [{:"x\" onclick=\"alert(1)", "y"}] renders x" onclick="alert(1)="y" and aria: [{:"x\"><script>", "y"}] renders aria-x"><script>="y", which leaves the tag entirely. This path needs the application to create atoms from untrusted input, for example Jason.decode!(body, keys: :atoms) or String.to_atom/1 on a parameter.

4. Reachability. HEEx compiles <div {@attrs}> to a call to Phoenix.HTML.attributes_escape/1 through Phoenix.LiveView.HTMLEngine and Phoenix.LiveView.TagEngine. tag/2 and content_tag/3 in Phoenix.HTML.Tag (phoenix_html 1.x to 3.x) and in PhoenixHTMLHelpers.Tag (4.x) render attributes the same way. Versions before 3.0.0 emitted the dasherized name without any escaping at all.

Proof of concept

1. Install a vulnerable release, for example Mix.install([{:phoenix_html, "== 4.3.0"}]).
2. Render a binary name containing a space: Phoenix.HTML.attributes_escape(%{"x onmouseover" => "alert(1)"}) |> Phoenix.HTML.safe_to_string() returns x onmouseover="alert(1)".
3. Render an atom name containing a quote: Phoenix.HTML.attributes_escape([{:"x\" onclick=\"alert(1)", "y"}]) |> Phoenix.HTML.safe_to_string() returns x" onclick="alert(1)="y".
4. Render a nested atom name: Phoenix.HTML.attributes_escape(aria: [{:"x\"><script>", "y"}]) |> Phoenix.HTML.safe_to_string() returns aria-x"><script>="y".
5. Place any of these maps in a HEEx template as <div {@attrs}> to deliver the injected attribute to a browser.

Impact

An attacker who can influence the attribute names an application renders can add event-handler attributes or close the tag and run script in the browser of every user who views the page.

Workarounds

Do not derive attribute names from untrusted input. Where dynamic attribute keys are needed, check each key against an allow list, or against a pattern such as ^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9:._-]*$, before passing the map to attributes_escape/1 or a HEEx {@attrs} expression. Do not create atoms from request data.