CVE-2026-23735

GraphQL Modules is a toolset of libraries and guidelines dedicated to create reusable, maintainable, testable and extendable modules out of your GraphQL server. From 2.2.1 to before 2.4.1 and 3.1.1, when 2 or more parallel requests are made which trigger the same service, the context of the requests is mixed up in the service when the context is injected via @ExecutionContext(). ExecutionContext is often used to pass authentication tokens from incoming requests to services loading data from backend APIs. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.4.1 and 3.1.1.

GraphQL Modules is a toolset of libraries and guidelines dedicated to create reusable, maintainable, testable and extendable modules out of your GraphQL server. From 2.2.1 to before 2.4.1 and 3.1.1, when 2 or more parallel requests are made which trigger the same service, the context of the requests is mixed up in the service when the context is injected via @ExecutionContext(). ExecutionContext is often used to pass authentication tokens from incoming requests to services loading data from backend APIs. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.4.1 and 3.1.1.

Summary

Originally reported as an issue #2613 but should be elevated to a security issue as the ExecutionContext is often used to pass authentication tokens from incoming requests to services loading data from backend APIs.

Details

When 2 or more parallel requests are made which trigger the same service, the context of the requests is mixed up in the service when the context is injected via @ExecutionContext()

PoC

In a new project/folder, create and install the following package.json:

{
  "name": "GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "jest"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "graphql-modules": "2.4.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties": "^7.18.6",
    "@babel/plugin-proposal-decorators": "^7.28.6",
    "babel-plugin-parameter-decorator": "^1.0.16",
    "jest": "^29.7.0",
    "reflect-metadata": "^0.2.2"
  }
}

with:

npm i

configure babel.config.json using:

{
  "plugins": [
    ["@babel/plugin-proposal-decorators", { "legacy": true }],
    "babel-plugin-parameter-decorator",
    "@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties"
  ]
}

then write the following test GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7.spec.ts:

require("reflect-metadata");
const {
  createApplication,
  createModule,
  Injectable,
  Scope,
  ExecutionContext,
  gql,
  testkit,
} = require("graphql-modules");

test("accessing a singleton provider context during another asynchronous execution", async () => {
  @Injectable({ scope: Scope.Singleton })
  class IdentifierProvider {
    @ExecutionContext()
    context;

    getId() {
      return this.context.identifier;
    }
  }

  const { promise: gettingBefore, resolve: gotBefore } = createDeferred();

  const { promise: waitForGettingAfter, resolve: getAfter } = createDeferred();

  const mod = createModule({
    id: "mod",
    providers: [IdentifierProvider],
    typeDefs: gql`
      type Query {
        getAsyncIdentifiers: Identifiers!
      }

      type Identifiers {
        before: String!
        after: String!
      }
    `,
    resolvers: {
      Query: {
        async getAsyncIdentifiers(_0, _1, context) {
          const before = context.injector.get(IdentifierProvider).getId();
          gotBefore();
          await waitForGettingAfter;
          const after = context.injector.get(IdentifierProvider).getId();
          return { before, after };
        },
      },
    },
  });

  const app = createApplication({
    modules: [mod],
  });

  const document = gql`
    {
      getAsyncIdentifiers {
        before
        after
      }
    }
  `;

  const firstResult$ = testkit.execute(app, {
    contextValue: {
      identifier: "first",
    },
    document,
  });

  await gettingBefore;

  const secondResult$ = testkit.execute(app, {
    contextValue: {
      identifier: "second",
    },
    document,
  });

  getAfter();

  await expect(firstResult$).resolves.toEqual({
    data: {
      getAsyncIdentifiers: {
        before: "first",
        after: "first",
      },
    },
  });

  await expect(secondResult$).resolves.toEqual({
    data: {
      getAsyncIdentifiers: {
        before: "second",
        after: "second",
      },
    },
  });
});

function createDeferred() {
  let resolve, reject;
  const promise = new Promise((res, rej) => {
    resolve = res;
    reject = rej;
  });
  return {
    promise,
    resolve,
    reject,
  };
}

and execute using:

npm test

Your project tree should look like this:

GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7
    package.json
    package-lock.json
    babel.config.json
    GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7.spec.js

Expected vs. Actual Outcome

- Expected  - 1
+ Received  + 1

  Object {
    "data": Object {
      "getAsyncIdentifiers": Object {
-       "after": "first",
+       "after": "second",
        "before": "first",
      },
    },
  }

Impact

Any application that uses services that inject the context using @ExecutionContext() from a singleton provider are at risk.…

GraphQL Modules is a toolset of libraries and guidelines dedicated to create reusable, maintainable, testable and extendable modules out of your GraphQL server. From 2.2.1 to before 2.4.1 and 3.1.1, when 2 or more parallel requests are made which trigger the same service, the context of the requests is mixed up in the service when the context is injected via @ExecutionContext(). ExecutionContext is often used to pass authentication tokens from incoming requests to services loading data from backend APIs. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.4.1 and 3.1.1.

GraphQL Modules is a toolset of libraries and guidelines dedicated to create reusable, maintainable, testable and extendable modules out of your GraphQL server. From 2.2.1 to before 2.4.1 and 3.1.1, when 2 or more parallel requests are made which trigger the same service, the context of the requests is mixed up in the service when the context is injected via @ExecutionContext(). ExecutionContext is often used to pass authentication tokens from incoming requests to services loading data from backend APIs. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.4.1 and 3.1.1.

Summary

Originally reported as an issue #2613 but should be elevated to a security issue as the ExecutionContext is often used to pass authentication tokens from incoming requests to services loading data from backend APIs.

Details

When 2 or more parallel requests are made which trigger the same service, the context of the requests is mixed up in the service when the context is injected via @ExecutionContext()

PoC

In a new project/folder, create and install the following package.json:

{
  "name": "GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "jest"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "graphql-modules": "2.4.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties": "^7.18.6",
    "@babel/plugin-proposal-decorators": "^7.28.6",
    "babel-plugin-parameter-decorator": "^1.0.16",
    "jest": "^29.7.0",
    "reflect-metadata": "^0.2.2"
  }
}

with:

npm i

configure babel.config.json using:

{
  "plugins": [
    ["@babel/plugin-proposal-decorators", { "legacy": true }],
    "babel-plugin-parameter-decorator",
    "@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties"
  ]
}

then write the following test GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7.spec.ts:

require("reflect-metadata");
const {
  createApplication,
  createModule,
  Injectable,
  Scope,
  ExecutionContext,
  gql,
  testkit,
} = require("graphql-modules");

test("accessing a singleton provider context during another asynchronous execution", async () => {
  @Injectable({ scope: Scope.Singleton })
  class IdentifierProvider {
    @ExecutionContext()
    context;

    getId() {
      return this.context.identifier;
    }
  }

  const { promise: gettingBefore, resolve: gotBefore } = createDeferred();

  const { promise: waitForGettingAfter, resolve: getAfter } = createDeferred();

  const mod = createModule({
    id: "mod",
    providers: [IdentifierProvider],
    typeDefs: gql`
      type Query {
        getAsyncIdentifiers: Identifiers!
      }

      type Identifiers {
        before: String!
        after: String!
      }
    `,
    resolvers: {
      Query: {
        async getAsyncIdentifiers(_0, _1, context) {
          const before = context.injector.get(IdentifierProvider).getId();
          gotBefore();
          await waitForGettingAfter;
          const after = context.injector.get(IdentifierProvider).getId();
          return { before, after };
        },
      },
    },
  });

  const app = createApplication({
    modules: [mod],
  });

  const document = gql`
    {
      getAsyncIdentifiers {
        before
        after
      }
    }
  `;

  const firstResult$ = testkit.execute(app, {
    contextValue: {
      identifier: "first",
    },
    document,
  });

  await gettingBefore;

  const secondResult$ = testkit.execute(app, {
    contextValue: {
      identifier: "second",
    },
    document,
  });

  getAfter();

  await expect(firstResult$).resolves.toEqual({
    data: {
      getAsyncIdentifiers: {
        before: "first",
        after: "first",
      },
    },
  });

  await expect(secondResult$).resolves.toEqual({
    data: {
      getAsyncIdentifiers: {
        before: "second",
        after: "second",
      },
    },
  });
});

function createDeferred() {
  let resolve, reject;
  const promise = new Promise((res, rej) => {
    resolve = res;
    reject = rej;
  });
  return {
    promise,
    resolve,
    reject,
  };
}

and execute using:

npm test

Your project tree should look like this:

GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7
    package.json
    package-lock.json
    babel.config.json
    GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7.spec.js

Expected vs. Actual Outcome

- Expected  - 1
+ Received  + 1

  Object {
    "data": Object {
      "getAsyncIdentifiers": Object {
-       "after": "first",
+       "after": "second",
        "before": "first",
      },
    },
  }

Impact

Any application that uses services that inject the context using @ExecutionContext() from a singleton provider are at risk.…