CVE-2026-25056
n8n Arbitrary File Write leading to RCE in n8n Merge Node
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 1.118.0 and 2.4.0, a vulnerability in the Merge node's SQL Query mode allowed authenticated users with permission to create or modify workflows to write arbitrary files to the n8n server's filesystem potentially leading to remote code execution. This issue has been patched in versions 1.118.0 and 2.4.0.
Attack profile
How easy it is to exploit
- Attack vector
- Network
- Complexity
- Low
- Privileges needed
- Low
- User interaction
- None
What an attacker can affect
- Confidentiality
- High
- Integrity
- High
- Availability
- High
Exploit likelihood
What each source reports
CVE List Score used
n8n Arbitrary File Write leading to RCE in n8n Merge Node
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 1.118.0 and 2.4.0, a vulnerability in the Merge node's SQL Query mode allowed authenticated users with permission to create or modify workflows to write arbitrary files to the n8n server's filesystem potentially leading to remote code execution. This issue has been patched in versions 1.118.0 and 2.4.0.
- Record
CVE-2026-25056- CVSS 4.0
- 9.4 Critical
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H - Weakness
- CWE-434, CWE-693
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2026-5415
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 1.118.0 and 2.4.0, a vulnerability in the Merge node's SQL Query mode allowed authenticated users with permission to create or modify workflows to write arbitrary files to the n8n server's filesystem potentially leading to remote code execution. This issue has been patched in versions 1.118.0 and 2.4.0.
- Record
EUVD-2026-5415- CVSS 4.0
- 9.4 Critical
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H - Updated
- 2026-11-02
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-hv53-3329-vmrm
n8n Merge Node has Arbitrary File Write leading to RCE
Impact
A vulnerability in the Merge node's SQL Query mode allowed authenticated users with permission to create or modify workflows to write arbitrary files to the n8n server's filesystem potentially leading to remote code execution.
Patches
The issue has been fixed in n8n version 2.4.0, 1.118.0. Users should upgrade to this version or later to remediate the vulnerability.
Workarounds
If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:
- Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only.
- Disable or restrict use of the Merge node if not essential for operations.
- Review workflows for suspicious use of the Merge node's SQL Query mode.
These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.
Resources
- n8n Documentation — Blocking nodes — how to globally disable specific nodes
n8n has adopted CVSS 4.0 as primary score for all security advisories. CVSS 3.1 vector strings are provided for backwards compatibility.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
- Record
GHSA-hv53-3329-vmrm- CVSS 4.0
- 9.4 Critical
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H - Weakness
- CWE-434, CWE-693
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
NVD
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 1.118.0 and 2.4.0, a vulnerability in the Merge node's SQL Query mode allowed authenticated users with permission to create or modify workflows to write arbitrary files to the n8n server's filesystem potentially leading to remote code execution. This issue has been patched in versions 1.118.0 and 2.4.0.
- Record
CVE-2026-25056- CVSS 4.0
- 9.4 Critical
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X - CVSS 3.1
- 8.8 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-434, CWE-693
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSV
n8n Arbitrary File Write leading to RCE in n8n Merge Node
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 1.118.0 and 2.4.0, a vulnerability in the Merge node's SQL Query mode allowed authenticated users with permission to create or modify workflows to write arbitrary files to the n8n server's filesystem potentially leading to remote code execution. This issue has been patched in versions 1.118.0 and 2.4.0.
- Record
CVE-2026-25056- CVSS 4.0
- 9.4 Critical
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H - Weakness
- CWE-434, CWE-693
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVGHSA-hv53-3329-vmrm
n8n Merge Node has Arbitrary File Write leading to RCE
Impact
A vulnerability in the Merge node's SQL Query mode allowed authenticated users with permission to create or modify workflows to write arbitrary files to the n8n server's filesystem potentially leading to remote code execution.
Patches
The issue has been fixed in n8n version 2.4.0, 1.118.0. Users should upgrade to this version or later to remediate the vulnerability.
Workarounds
If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:
- Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only.
- Disable or restrict use of the Merge node if not essential for operations.
- Review workflows for suspicious use of the Merge node's SQL Query mode.
These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.
Resources
- n8n Documentation — Blocking nodes — how to globally disable specific nodes
n8n has adopted CVSS 4.0 as primary score for all security advisories. CVSS 3.1 vector strings are provided for backwards compatibility.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
- Record
GHSA-hv53-3329-vmrm- CVSS 4.0
- 9.4 Critical
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H - Weakness
- CWE-434, CWE-693
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
Affected products
Affected packages
History
| Recorded | Changed | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| first indexed | CVE List, EUVD, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV |
Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.
In short
CVE-2026-25056 is a critical vulnerability (CVSS 9.4) in N8n, published February 4, 2026. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.73%, the 54th percentile. Fixed in n8n 1.118.0.