CVE-2026-28277

LangGraph SQLite Checkpoint is an implementation of LangGraph CheckpointSaver that uses SQLite DB (both sync and async, via aiosqlite). In version 1.0.9 and prior, LangGraph checkpointers can load msgpack-encoded checkpoints that reconstruct Python objects during deserialization. If an attacker can modify checkpoint data in the backing store (for example, after a database compromise or other privileged write access to the persistence layer), they can potentially supply a crafted payload that triggers unsafe object reconstruction when the checkpoint is loaded. No known patch is public.

LangGraph SQLite Checkpoint is an implementation of LangGraph CheckpointSaver that uses SQLite DB (both sync and async, via aiosqlite). In version 1.0.9 and prior, LangGraph checkpointers can load msgpack-encoded checkpoints that reconstruct Python objects during deserialization. If an attacker can modify checkpoint data in the backing store (for example, after a database compromise or other privileged write access to the persistence layer), they can potentially supply a crafted payload that triggers unsafe object reconstruction when the checkpoint is loaded. No known patch is public.

LangGraph checkpointers can load msgpack-encoded checkpoints that reconstruct Python objects during deserialization. If an attacker can modify checkpoint data in the backing store (for example, after a database compromise or other privileged write access to the persistence layer), they can potentially supply a crafted payload that triggers unsafe object reconstruction when the checkpoint is loaded.

This is a post-exploitation / defense-in-depth issue. Exploitation requires the ability to write attacker-controlled checkpoint bytes at rest. In most deployments that prerequisite already implies a serious incident; the additional risk is turning “checkpoint-store write access” into code execution in the application runtime, which can expand blast radius (for example by exposing environment variables or cloud credentials available to the runtime).

There is no evidence of exploitation in the wild, and LangGraph is not aware of a practical exploitation path in existing deployments today. This change is intended to reduce the blast radius of a checkpoint-store compromise.

Affected users / systems

Users may be affected if they:

• use a persistent checkpointer (database, remote store, shared filesystem, etc.),
• load/resume from checkpoints, and
• operate in an environment where an attacker could gain privileged write access to checkpoint data in the backing store.

This issue requires the attacker to be able to modify persisted checkpoint bytes (or to compromise a trusted component that writes them). It is generally not reachable by an unauthenticated remote attacker in a correctly configured deployment.

Impact

• Potential arbitrary code execution or other unsafe side effects during checkpoint deserialization.
• Escalation from “write access to checkpoint store” to “code execution in the application runtime,” which may expose runtime secrets or provide access to other systems the runtime can reach.

Exploitation scenario (high level)

1. Attacker gains privileged write access to the checkpoint store (for example, via database compromise, leaked credentials, or abuse of an administrative data path).
2. Attacker writes a crafted checkpoint payload containing msgpack data intended to reconstruct dangerous objects.
3. Application resumes and deserializes the checkpoint; unsafe reconstruction could execute attacker-controlled behavior.

Mitigation / remediation

LangGraph provides an allowlist-based hardening mechanism for msgpack checkpoint deserialization.

Strict mode (environment variable)

• LANGGRAPH_STRICT_MSGPACK
  • When set truthy (1, true, yes), the default msgpack deserialization policy becomes strict.
  • Concretely: JsonPlusSerializer() will default allowed_msgpack_modules to None (strict) instead of True (warn-and-allow), unless allowed_msgpack_modules=... is explicitly passed.

allowed_msgpack_modules (serializer/checkpointer config)

This setting controls what msgpack “ext” types are allowed to be reconstructed.

• True (default when strict mode is not enabled): allow all ext types, but log a warning when deserializing a type that is not explicitly registered.
• None (strict): only a built-in safe set is reconstructed; other ext types are blocked.
• [(module, class_name), ...] (strict allowlist): the built-in safe set plus exactly the listed symbols are reconstructed (exact-match).

Built-in safe set

A small set of types is always treated as safe to reconstruct (for example datetime types, uuid.UUID, decimal.Decimal, set/frozenset/deque, ipaddress types, pathlib paths, zoneinfo.ZoneInfo, compiled regex patterns, and selected LangGraph internal types).

Automatically derived allowlist (only when compiling graphs)

When LANGGRAPH_STRICT_MSGPACK is enabled and StateGraph is compiled, LangGraph derives an allowlist from the graph’s schemas and channels and applies it to the checkpointer.

• The allowlist is built by…

LangGraph SQLite Checkpoint is an implementation of LangGraph CheckpointSaver that uses SQLite DB (both sync and async, via aiosqlite). In version 1.0.9 and prior, LangGraph checkpointers can load msgpack-encoded checkpoints that reconstruct Python objects during deserialization. If an attacker can modify checkpoint data in the backing store (for example, after a database compromise or other privileged write access to the persistence layer), they can potentially supply a crafted payload that triggers unsafe object reconstruction when the checkpoint is loaded. No known patch is public.

LangGraph SQLite Checkpoint is an implementation of LangGraph CheckpointSaver that uses SQLite DB (both sync and async, via aiosqlite). In version 1.0.9 and prior, LangGraph checkpointers can load msgpack-encoded checkpoints that reconstruct Python objects during deserialization. If an attacker can modify checkpoint data in the backing store (for example, after a database compromise or other privileged write access to the persistence layer), they can potentially supply a crafted payload that triggers unsafe object reconstruction when the checkpoint is loaded. No known patch is public.

LangGraph checkpointers can load msgpack-encoded checkpoints that reconstruct Python objects during deserialization. If an attacker can modify checkpoint data in the backing store (for example, after a database compromise or other privileged write access to the persistence layer), they can potentially supply a crafted payload that triggers unsafe object reconstruction when the checkpoint is loaded.

This is a post-exploitation / defense-in-depth issue. Exploitation requires the ability to write attacker-controlled checkpoint bytes at rest. In most deployments that prerequisite already implies a serious incident; the additional risk is turning “checkpoint-store write access” into code execution in the application runtime, which can expand blast radius (for example by exposing environment variables or cloud credentials available to the runtime).

There is no evidence of exploitation in the wild, and LangGraph is not aware of a practical exploitation path in existing deployments today. This change is intended to reduce the blast radius of a checkpoint-store compromise.

Affected users / systems

Users may be affected if they:

• use a persistent checkpointer (database, remote store, shared filesystem, etc.),
• load/resume from checkpoints, and
• operate in an environment where an attacker could gain privileged write access to checkpoint data in the backing store.

This issue requires the attacker to be able to modify persisted checkpoint bytes (or to compromise a trusted component that writes them). It is generally not reachable by an unauthenticated remote attacker in a correctly configured deployment.

Impact

• Potential arbitrary code execution or other unsafe side effects during checkpoint deserialization.
• Escalation from “write access to checkpoint store” to “code execution in the application runtime,” which may expose runtime secrets or provide access to other systems the runtime can reach.

Exploitation scenario (high level)

1. Attacker gains privileged write access to the checkpoint store (for example, via database compromise, leaked credentials, or abuse of an administrative data path).
2. Attacker writes a crafted checkpoint payload containing msgpack data intended to reconstruct dangerous objects.
3. Application resumes and deserializes the checkpoint; unsafe reconstruction could execute attacker-controlled behavior.

Mitigation / remediation

LangGraph provides an allowlist-based hardening mechanism for msgpack checkpoint deserialization.

Strict mode (environment variable)

• LANGGRAPH_STRICT_MSGPACK
  • When set truthy (1, true, yes), the default msgpack deserialization policy becomes strict.
  • Concretely: JsonPlusSerializer() will default allowed_msgpack_modules to None (strict) instead of True (warn-and-allow), unless allowed_msgpack_modules=... is explicitly passed.

allowed_msgpack_modules (serializer/checkpointer config)

This setting controls what msgpack “ext” types are allowed to be reconstructed.

• True (default when strict mode is not enabled): allow all ext types, but log a warning when deserializing a type that is not explicitly registered.
• None (strict): only a built-in safe set is reconstructed; other ext types are blocked.
• [(module, class_name), ...] (strict allowlist): the built-in safe set plus exactly the listed symbols are reconstructed (exact-match).

Built-in safe set

A small set of types is always treated as safe to reconstruct (for example datetime types, uuid.UUID, decimal.Decimal, set/frozenset/deque, ipaddress types, pathlib paths, zoneinfo.ZoneInfo, compiled regex patterns, and selected LangGraph internal types).

Automatically derived allowlist (only when compiling graphs)

When LANGGRAPH_STRICT_MSGPACK is enabled and StateGraph is compiled, LangGraph derives an allowlist from the graph’s schemas and channels and applies it to the checkpointer.

• The allowlist is built by…

LangGraph SQLite Checkpoint is an implementation of LangGraph CheckpointSaver that uses SQLite DB (both sync and async, via aiosqlite). In version 1.0.9 and prior, LangGraph checkpointers can load msgpack-encoded checkpoints that reconstruct Python objects during deserialization. If an attacker can modify checkpoint data in the backing store (for example, after a database compromise or other privileged write access to the persistence layer), they can potentially supply a crafted payload that triggers unsafe object reconstruction when the checkpoint is loaded. No known patch is public.