CVE-2026-3125

A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability was identified in the @opennextjs/cloudflare package, resulting from a path normalization bypass in the /cdn-cgi/image/ handler.The @opennextjs/cloudflare worker template includes a /cdn-cgi/image/ handler intended for development use only. In production, Cloudflare's edge intercepts /cdn-cgi/image/ requests before they reach the Worker. However, by substituting a backslash for a forward slash (/cdn-cgi\image/ instead of /cdn-cgi/image/), an attacker can bypass edge interception and have the request reach the Worker directly. The JavaScript URL class then normalizes the backslash to a forward slash, causing the request to match the handler and trigger an unvalidated fetch of arbitrary remote URLs.

For example:

https://victim-site.com/cdn-cgi\image/aaaa/https://attacker.com

In this example, attacker-controlled content from attacker.com is served through the victim site's domain (victim-site.com), violating the same-origin policy and potentially misleading users or other services.

Note: This bypass only works via HTTP clients that preserve backslashes in paths (e.g., curl --path-as-is). Browsers normalize backslashes to forward slashes before sending requests.

Additionally, Cloudflare Workers with Assets and Cloudflare Pages suffer from a similar vulnerability. Assets stored under /cdn-cgi/ paths are not publicly accessible under normal conditions. However, using the same backslash bypass (/cdn-cgi... instead of /cdn-cgi/...), these assets become publicly accessible. This could be used to retrieve private data. For example, Open Next projects store incremental cache data under /cdn-cgi/_next_cache, which could be exposed via this bypass.

A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability was identified in the @opennextjs/cloudflare package, resulting from a path normalization bypass in the /cdn-cgi/image/ handler.The @opennextjs/cloudflare worker template includes a /cdn-cgi/image/ handler intended for development use only. In production, Cloudflare's edge intercepts /cdn-cgi/image/ requests before they reach the Worker. However, by substituting a backslash for a forward slash (/cdn-cgi\image/ instead of /cdn-cgi/image/), an attacker can bypass edge interception and have the request reach the Worker directly. The JavaScript URL class then normalizes the backslash to a forward slash, causing the request to match the handler and trigger an unvalidated fetch of arbitrary remote URLs.

For example:

https://victim-site.com/cdn-cgi\image/aaaa/https://attacker.com

In this example, attacker-controlled content from attacker.com is served through the victim site's domain (victim-site.com), violating the same-origin policy and potentially misleading users or other services.

Note: This bypass only works via HTTP clients that preserve backslashes in paths (e.g., curl --path-as-is). Browsers normalize backslashes to forward slashes before sending requests.

Additionally, Cloudflare Workers with Assets and Cloudflare Pages suffer from a similar vulnerability. Assets stored under /cdn-cgi/ paths are not publicly accessible under normal conditions. However, using the same backslash bypass (/cdn-cgi... instead of /cdn-cgi/...), these assets become publicly accessible. This could be used to retrieve private data. For example, Open Next projects store incremental cache data under /cdn-cgi/_next_cache, which could be exposed via this bypass.

A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability was identified in the @opennextjs/cloudflare package, resulting from a path normalization bypass in the /cdn-cgi/image/ handler.

The @opennextjs/cloudflare worker template includes a /cdn-cgi/image/ handler intended for development use only. In production, Cloudflare's edge intercepts /cdn-cgi/image/ requests before they reach the Worker. However, by substituting a backslash for a forward slash (/cdn-cgi\image/ instead of /cdn-cgi/image/), an attacker can bypass edge interception and have the request reach the Worker directly. The JavaScript URL class then normalizes the backslash to a forward slash, causing the request to match the handler and trigger an unvalidated fetch of arbitrary remote URLs.

For example: https://victim-site.com/cdn-cgi\image/aaaa/https://attacker.com

In this example, attacker-controlled content from attacker.com is served through the victim site's domain (victim-site.com), violating the same-origin policy and potentially misleading users or other services.

Note: This bypass only works via HTTP clients that preserve backslashes in paths (e.g., curl --path-as-is). Browsers normalize backslashes to forward slashes before sending requests.

Additionally, Cloudflare Workers with Assets and Cloudflare Pages suffer from a similar vulnerability. Assets stored under /cdn-cgi/ paths are not publicly accessible under normal conditions. However, using the same backslash bypass (/cdn-cgi... instead of /cdn-cgi/...), these assets become publicly accessible. This could be used to retrieve private data. For example, Open Next projects store incremental cache data under /cdn-cgi/_next_cache, which could be exposed via this bypass.

Impact

• SSRF via path normalization bypass of Cloudflare edge interception
• Arbitrary remote content loading under the victim site's domain
• Same-origin policy bypass
• Potential for infrastructure abuse (scanning from Cloudflare IP space, worker resource exhaustion)
• Exposure of private assets stored under /cdn-cgi/ paths. For example, Open Next projects store incremental cache data under /cdn-cgi/_next_cache, which could be exposed via this bypass.

Credits

Disclosed responsibly by security researcher @Ezzer17.

Mitigations

The following mitigations have been put in place:

Server-side updates to Cloudflare's Workers platform to block backslash path normalization bypasses for /cdn-cgi requests. The update automatically mitigates the issue for all existing and any future sites deployed to Cloudflare Workers.

In addition to the platform level fix, Root cause fix has been implemented to the Cloudflare adapter for Open Next. The patched version of the adapter is found at @opennextjs/[email protected] (https://www.npmjs.com/package/@opennextjs/cloudflare)

Dependency update to the Next.js template used with create-cloudflare (c3) to use the fixed version of the Cloudflare adapter for Open Next. Despite the automatic mitigation deployed on Cloudflare's platform, we encourage affected users to upgrade to the patched version of @opennextjs/cloudflare.

A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability was identified in the @opennextjs/cloudflare package, resulting from a path normalization bypass in the /cdn-cgi/image/ handler.The @opennextjs/cloudflare worker template includes a /cdn-cgi/image/ handler intended for development use only. In production, Cloudflare's edge intercepts /cdn-cgi/image/ requests before they reach the Worker. However, by substituting a backslash for a forward slash (/cdn-cgi\image/ instead of /cdn-cgi/image/), an attacker can bypass edge interception and have the request reach the Worker directly. The JavaScript URL class then normalizes the backslash to a forward slash, causing the request to match the handler and trigger an unvalidated fetch of arbitrary remote URLs.

For example:

https://victim-site.com/cdn-cgi\image/aaaa/https://attacker.com

In this example, attacker-controlled content from attacker.com is served through the victim site's domain (victim-site.com), violating the same-origin policy and potentially misleading users or other services.

Note: This bypass only works via HTTP clients that preserve backslashes in paths (e.g., curl --path-as-is). Browsers normalize backslashes to forward slashes before sending requests.

Additionally, Cloudflare Workers with Assets and Cloudflare Pages suffer from a similar vulnerability. Assets stored under /cdn-cgi/ paths are not publicly accessible under normal conditions. However, using the same backslash bypass (/cdn-cgi... instead of /cdn-cgi/...), these assets become publicly accessible. This could be used to retrieve private data. For example, Open Next projects store incremental cache data under /cdn-cgi/_next_cache, which could be exposed via this bypass.

A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability was identified in the @opennextjs/cloudflare package. The vulnerability stems from an unimplemented feature in the Cloudflare adapter for Open Next, which allowed unauthenticated users to proxy arbitrary remote content via the /_next/image endpoint.

This issue allowed attackers to load remote resources from arbitrary hosts under the victim site’s domain for any site deployed using the Cloudflare adapter for Open Next. 

For example:

https://victim-site.com/_next/image?url=https://attacker.com

In this example, attacker-controlled content from attacker.com is served through the victim site’s domain (victim-site.com), violating the same-origin policy and potentially misleading users or other services.

Impact:

• SSRF via unrestricted remote URL loading

• Arbitrary remote content loading

• Potential internal service exposure or phishing risks through domain abuse

Mitigation:

The following mitigations have been put in place:

• Server side updates to Cloudflare’s platform to restrict the content loaded via the /_next/image endpoint to images. The update automatically mitigates the issue for all existing and any future sites deployed to Cloudflare using the affected version of the Cloudflare adapter for Open Next

• Root cause fix https://github.com/opennextjs/opennextjs-cloudflare/pull/727  to the Cloudflare adapter for Open Next. The patched version of the adapter is found here  @opennextjs/[email protected] https://www.npmjs.com/package/@opennextjs/cloudflare/v/1.3.0

• Package dependency update https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk/pull/9608  to create-cloudflare (c3) to use the fixed version of the Cloudflare adapter for Open Next. The patched version of create-cloudflare is found here:  [email protected] https://www.npmjs.com/package/create-cloudflare/v/2.49.3

In addition to the automatic mitigation deployed on Cloudflare’s platform, we encourage affected users to upgrade to @opennext/cloudflare v1.3.0 and use the remotePatterns https://nextjs.org/docs/pages/api-reference/components/image#remotepatterns filter in Next config https://nextjs.org/docs/pages/api-reference/components/image#remotepatterns if they need to allow-list external urls with images assets.

A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability was identified in the @opennextjs/cloudflare package, resulting from a path normalization bypass in the /cdn-cgi/image/ handler.The @opennextjs/cloudflare worker template includes a /cdn-cgi/image/ handler intended for development use only. In production, Cloudflare's edge intercepts /cdn-cgi/image/ requests before they reach the Worker. However, by substituting a backslash for a forward slash (/cdn-cgi\image/ instead of /cdn-cgi/image/), an attacker can bypass edge interception and have the request reach the Worker directly. The JavaScript URL class then normalizes the backslash to a forward slash, causing the request to match the handler and trigger an unvalidated fetch of arbitrary remote URLs.

For example:

https://victim-site.com/cdn-cgi\image/aaaa/https://attacker.com

In this example, attacker-controlled content from attacker.com is served through the victim site's domain (victim-site.com), violating the same-origin policy and potentially misleading users or other services.

Note: This bypass only works via HTTP clients that preserve backslashes in paths (e.g., curl --path-as-is). Browsers normalize backslashes to forward slashes before sending requests.

Additionally, Cloudflare Workers with Assets and Cloudflare Pages suffer from a similar vulnerability. Assets stored under /cdn-cgi/ paths are not publicly accessible under normal conditions. However, using the same backslash bypass (/cdn-cgi... instead of /cdn-cgi/...), these assets become publicly accessible. This could be used to retrieve private data. For example, Open Next projects store incremental cache data under /cdn-cgi/_next_cache, which could be exposed via this bypass.

A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability was identified in the @opennextjs/cloudflare package, resulting from a path normalization bypass in the /cdn-cgi/image/ handler.

The @opennextjs/cloudflare worker template includes a /cdn-cgi/image/ handler intended for development use only. In production, Cloudflare's edge intercepts /cdn-cgi/image/ requests before they reach the Worker. However, by substituting a backslash for a forward slash (/cdn-cgi\image/ instead of /cdn-cgi/image/), an attacker can bypass edge interception and have the request reach the Worker directly. The JavaScript URL class then normalizes the backslash to a forward slash, causing the request to match the handler and trigger an unvalidated fetch of arbitrary remote URLs.

For example: https://victim-site.com/cdn-cgi\image/aaaa/https://attacker.com

In this example, attacker-controlled content from attacker.com is served through the victim site's domain (victim-site.com), violating the same-origin policy and potentially misleading users or other services.

Note: This bypass only works via HTTP clients that preserve backslashes in paths (e.g., curl --path-as-is). Browsers normalize backslashes to forward slashes before sending requests.

Additionally, Cloudflare Workers with Assets and Cloudflare Pages suffer from a similar vulnerability. Assets stored under /cdn-cgi/ paths are not publicly accessible under normal conditions. However, using the same backslash bypass (/cdn-cgi... instead of /cdn-cgi/...), these assets become publicly accessible. This could be used to retrieve private data. For example, Open Next projects store incremental cache data under /cdn-cgi/_next_cache, which could be exposed via this bypass.

Impact

• SSRF via path normalization bypass of Cloudflare edge interception
• Arbitrary remote content loading under the victim site's domain
• Same-origin policy bypass
• Potential for infrastructure abuse (scanning from Cloudflare IP space, worker resource exhaustion)
• Exposure of private assets stored under /cdn-cgi/ paths. For example, Open Next projects store incremental cache data under /cdn-cgi/_next_cache, which could be exposed via this bypass.

Credits

Disclosed responsibly by security researcher @Ezzer17.

Mitigations

The following mitigations have been put in place:

Server-side updates to Cloudflare's Workers platform to block backslash path normalization bypasses for /cdn-cgi requests. The update automatically mitigates the issue for all existing and any future sites deployed to Cloudflare Workers.

In addition to the platform level fix, Root cause fix has been implemented to the Cloudflare adapter for Open Next. The patched version of the adapter is found at @opennextjs/[email protected] (https://www.npmjs.com/package/@opennextjs/cloudflare)

Dependency update to the Next.js template used with create-cloudflare (c3) to use the fixed version of the Cloudflare adapter for Open Next. Despite the automatic mitigation deployed on Cloudflare's platform, we encourage affected users to upgrade to the patched version of @opennextjs/cloudflare.

A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability was identified in the @opennextjs/cloudflare package.

The vulnerability stems from an unimplemented feature in the Cloudflare adapter for Open Next, which allowed unauthenticated users to proxy arbitrary remote content via the /_next/image endpoint.

This issue allowed attackers to load remote resources from arbitrary hosts under the victim site’s domain for any site deployed using the Cloudflare adapter for Open Next. For example: https://victim-site.com/_next/image?url=https://attacker.com. In this example, attacker-controlled content from attacker.com is served through the victim site’s domain (victim-site.com), violating the same-origin policy and potentially misleading users or other services.

Impact

• SSRF via unrestricted remote URL loading
• Arbitrary remote content loading
• Potential internal service exposure or phishing risks through domain abuse

Mitigation

The following mitigations have been put in place:

Server side updates to Cloudflare’s platform to restrict the content loaded via the /_next/image endpoint to images. The update automatically mitigates the issue for all existing and any future sites deployed to Cloudflare using the affected version of the Cloudflare adapter for Open Next

Root cause fix: Pull request https://github.com/opennextjs/opennextjs-cloudflare/pull/727 to the Cloudflare adapter for Open Next. The patched version of the adapter is found here @opennextjs/[email protected]

Package dependency update: Pull request https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk/pull/9608 to create-cloudflare (c3) to use the fixed version of the Cloudflare adapter for Open Next. The patched version of create-cloudflare is found at [email protected].

In addition to the automatic mitigation deployed on Cloudflare’s platform, we encourage affected users to upgrade to @opennext/cloudflare v1.3.0 and use the remotePatterns filter in Next config if they need to allow-list external urls with images assets.

Credits

Disclosed responsibly by security researcher Edward Coristine. Thank you for the report.

References

https://www.cve.org/cverecord?id=CVE-2025-6087