CVE-2026-41691

Copilot said: i18nextify is a JavaScript library that adds i18nextify is a JavaScript library that adds website internationalization via a script tag, without source code changes. Versions prior to 3.0.5 interpolate the lng and ns values directly into the configured loadPath / addPath URL template without any encoding, validation, or path sanitisation. When an application exposes the language-code selection to user-controlled input (the default — i18next-browser-languagedetector reads ?lng= query params, cookies, localStorage, and request headers), an attacker can inject characters that change the structure of the outgoing request URL. This is a single URL-injection vulnerability. The attacker-controlled value is neutralised before it is used as part of an output URL string; the attack shape covers both path traversal and broader URL-structure injection — both are closed by the one interpolateUrl sanitisation fix. This issue has been fixed in version 3.0.5. If users cannot upgrade immediately, they can work around the issue by sanitising lng / ns before they reach i18next (strip .., /, , ?, #, %, whitespace, and control characters; cap the length).

Copilot said: i18nextify is a JavaScript library that adds i18nextify is a JavaScript library that adds website internationalization via a script tag, without source code changes. Versions prior to 3.0.5 interpolate the lng and ns values directly into the configured loadPath / addPath URL template without any encoding, validation, or path sanitisation. When an application exposes the language-code selection to user-controlled input (the default — i18next-browser-languagedetector reads ?lng= query params, cookies, localStorage, and request headers), an attacker can inject characters that change the structure of the outgoing request URL. This is a single URL-injection vulnerability. The attacker-controlled value is neutralised before it is used as part of an output URL string; the attack shape covers both path traversal and broader URL-structure injection — both are closed by the one interpolateUrl sanitisation fix. This issue has been fixed in version 3.0.5. If users cannot upgrade immediately, they can work around the issue by sanitising lng / ns before they reach i18next (strip .., /, , ?, #, %, whitespace, and control characters; cap the length).

Summary

Versions of i18next-http-backend prior to 3.0.5 interpolate the lng and ns values directly into the configured loadPath / addPath URL template without any encoding, validation, or path sanitisation. When an application exposes the language-code selection to user-controlled input (the default — i18next-browser-languagedetector reads ?lng= query params, cookies, localStorage, and request headers), an attacker can inject characters that change the structure of the outgoing request URL.

Affected call sites:

• _readAny — lib/index.js:64: interpolate(resolvedLoadPath, { lng: languages.join('+'), ns: namespaces.join('+') })
• create — lib/index.js:123 (pre-patch): interpolate(addPath, { lng, ns: namespace })

The helper interpolate (lib/utils.js) previously returned the raw value with no encoding. In contrast, addQueryString already correctly uses encodeURIComponent for each query-string param — only the URL-path substitution was unprotected.

Impact

An attacker who can influence the resolved lng or ns value can alter the URL in several ways:

• Path traversal — lng = '../../config' turns /locales/{{lng}}/{{ns}}.json into /locales/../../config/translation.json. On a misconfigured web server, this can cause the request to target a different resource than intended; in SSR pipelines that use file:// or similar schemes for loadPath, it can read arbitrary files from the host filesystem.
• Query-string injection — lng = 'en?admin=true' turns /locales/{{lng}}/{{ns}}.json into /locales/en?admin=true/translation.json. Some server frameworks parse the query portion with higher priority than the path and branch on attacker-controlled flags.
• Fragment truncation — lng = 'en#anything' silently discards the rest of the path in browser fetches (client cannot see the final URL).
• URL-encoded bypasses — lng = 'en%2F..', after server-side URL decoding, resolves to en/.. — the attacker bypasses the absence of a literal / in their input.

The practical worst case is SSRF when loadPath is an internal or file-scheme URL, and path-based authorisation bypass against servers that segment access by URL prefix.

Also fixed in 3.0.5

• Per-instance omitFetchOptions. A module-level boolean in lib/request.js was flipped to true the first time any backend instance hit a "not implemented" fetch error. Once flipped, all subsequent requests from all backend instances in the same module silently stripped every user-configured fetch option — including security-relevant credentials, mode, and cache. One misbehaving instance (for example during SSR hydration or in React Native) permanently removed these protections process-wide. 3.0.5 scopes the flag to the backend's options object (options._omitFetchOptions) so one instance's fallback cannot pollute siblings.
• Log forging via control characters in lng/ns. Error callbacks embedded the raw lng/ns/URL in the message string. Crafted CR/LF values could inject fake log lines into file-backed log aggregators (CWE-117). 3.0.5 strips C0/C1 control chars before concatenation.
• Basic-auth credentials leaked into error callbacks. If loadPath contained a user:password@host authority, the full URL (including the credentials) ended up in the error message strings returned to the caller. 3.0.5 redacts user:password@ before logging.
• Prototype-pollution amplification via for...in. addQueryString and the XHR customHeaders loop used for...in which walks the prototype chain. Polluted Object.prototype entries could leak into URL query parameters and request headers. 3.0.5 uses Object.keys and an explicit prototype-key guard.

Affected versions

All versions of i18next-http-backend prior to 3.0.5.

Patch

Fixed in 3.0.5. Summary of the hardening:

1. New utils.interpolateUrl (used by _readAny and create) returns…

Copilot said: i18nextify is a JavaScript library that adds i18nextify is a JavaScript library that adds website internationalization via a script tag, without source code changes. Versions prior to 3.0.5 interpolate the lng and ns values directly into the configured loadPath / addPath URL template without any encoding, validation, or path sanitisation. When an application exposes the language-code selection to user-controlled input (the default — i18next-browser-languagedetector reads ?lng= query params, cookies, localStorage, and request headers), an attacker can inject characters that change the structure of the outgoing request URL. This is a single URL-injection vulnerability. The attacker-controlled value is neutralised before it is used as part of an output URL string; the attack shape covers both path traversal and broader URL-structure injection — both are closed by the one interpolateUrl sanitisation fix. This issue has been fixed in version 3.0.5. If users cannot upgrade immediately, they can work around the issue by sanitising lng / ns before they reach i18next (strip .., /, , ?, #, %, whitespace, and control characters; cap the length).

Copilot said: i18nextify is a JavaScript library that adds i18nextify is a JavaScript library that adds website internationalization via a script tag, without source code changes. Versions prior to 3.0.5 interpolate the lng and ns values directly into the configured loadPath / addPath URL template without any encoding, validation, or path sanitisation. When an application exposes the language-code selection to user-controlled input (the default — i18next-browser-languagedetector reads ?lng= query params, cookies, localStorage, and request headers), an attacker can inject characters that change the structure of the outgoing request URL. This is a single URL-injection vulnerability. The attacker-controlled value is neutralised before it is used as part of an output URL string; the attack shape covers both path traversal and broader URL-structure injection — both are closed by the one interpolateUrl sanitisation fix. This issue has been fixed in version 3.0.5. If users cannot upgrade immediately, they can work around the issue by sanitising lng / ns before they reach i18next (strip .., /, , ?, #, %, whitespace, and control characters; cap the length).

Copilot said: i18nextify is a JavaScript library that adds i18nextify is a JavaScript library that adds website internationalization via a script tag, without source code changes. Versions prior to 3.0.5 interpolate the lng and ns values directly into the configured loadPath / addPath URL template without any encoding, validation, or path sanitisation. When an application exposes the language-code selection to user-controlled input (the default — i18next-browser-languagedetector reads ?lng= query params, cookies, localStorage, and request headers), an attacker can inject characters that change the structure of the outgoing request URL. This is a single URL-injection vulnerability. The attacker-controlled value is neutralised before it is used as part of an output URL string; the attack shape covers both path traversal and broader URL-structure injection — both are closed by the one interpolateUrl sanitisation fix. This issue has been fixed in version 3.0.5. If users cannot upgrade immediately, they can work around the issue by sanitising lng / ns before they reach i18next (strip .., /, , ?, #, %, whitespace, and control characters; cap the length).

Summary

Versions of i18next-http-backend prior to 3.0.5 interpolate the lng and ns values directly into the configured loadPath / addPath URL template without any encoding, validation, or path sanitisation. When an application exposes the language-code selection to user-controlled input (the default — i18next-browser-languagedetector reads ?lng= query params, cookies, localStorage, and request headers), an attacker can inject characters that change the structure of the outgoing request URL.

Affected call sites:

• _readAny — lib/index.js:64: interpolate(resolvedLoadPath, { lng: languages.join('+'), ns: namespaces.join('+') })
• create — lib/index.js:123 (pre-patch): interpolate(addPath, { lng, ns: namespace })

The helper interpolate (lib/utils.js) previously returned the raw value with no encoding. In contrast, addQueryString already correctly uses encodeURIComponent for each query-string param — only the URL-path substitution was unprotected.

Impact

An attacker who can influence the resolved lng or ns value can alter the URL in several ways:

• Path traversal — lng = '../../config' turns /locales/{{lng}}/{{ns}}.json into /locales/../../config/translation.json. On a misconfigured web server, this can cause the request to target a different resource than intended; in SSR pipelines that use file:// or similar schemes for loadPath, it can read arbitrary files from the host filesystem.
• Query-string injection — lng = 'en?admin=true' turns /locales/{{lng}}/{{ns}}.json into /locales/en?admin=true/translation.json. Some server frameworks parse the query portion with higher priority than the path and branch on attacker-controlled flags.
• Fragment truncation — lng = 'en#anything' silently discards the rest of the path in browser fetches (client cannot see the final URL).
• URL-encoded bypasses — lng = 'en%2F..', after server-side URL decoding, resolves to en/.. — the attacker bypasses the absence of a literal / in their input.

The practical worst case is SSRF when loadPath is an internal or file-scheme URL, and path-based authorisation bypass against servers that segment access by URL prefix.

Also fixed in 3.0.5

• Per-instance omitFetchOptions. A module-level boolean in lib/request.js was flipped to true the first time any backend instance hit a "not implemented" fetch error. Once flipped, all subsequent requests from all backend instances in the same module silently stripped every user-configured fetch option — including security-relevant credentials, mode, and cache. One misbehaving instance (for example during SSR hydration or in React Native) permanently removed these protections process-wide. 3.0.5 scopes the flag to the backend's options object (options._omitFetchOptions) so one instance's fallback cannot pollute siblings.
• Log forging via control characters in lng/ns. Error callbacks embedded the raw lng/ns/URL in the message string. Crafted CR/LF values could inject fake log lines into file-backed log aggregators (CWE-117). 3.0.5 strips C0/C1 control chars before concatenation.
• Basic-auth credentials leaked into error callbacks. If loadPath contained a user:password@host authority, the full URL (including the credentials) ended up in the error message strings returned to the caller. 3.0.5 redacts user:password@ before logging.
• Prototype-pollution amplification via for...in. addQueryString and the XHR customHeaders loop used for...in which walks the prototype chain. Polluted Object.prototype entries could leak into URL query parameters and request headers. 3.0.5 uses Object.keys and an explicit prototype-key guard.

Affected versions

All versions of i18next-http-backend prior to 3.0.5.

Patch

Fixed in 3.0.5. Summary of the hardening:

1. New utils.interpolateUrl (used by _readAny and create) returns…