CVE-2026-44459
Hono: Improper validation of NumericDate claims (exp, nbf, iat) in JWT verify()
Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.18, improper validation of the JWT NumericDate claims exp, nbf, and iat in hono/utils/jwt allows tokens with non-spec-compliant claim values to silently bypass time-based checks. This issue is not exploitable by an anonymous attacker; it only manifests when a malformed claim value reaches verify() — typically when the application itself issues such tokens, or when the signing key is otherwise under attacker control. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.18.
Attack profile
How easy it is to exploit
- Attack vector
- Network
- Complexity
- Low
- Privileges needed
- High
- User interaction
- None
What an attacker can affect
- Confidentiality
- Low
- Integrity
- Low
- Availability
- None
Exploit likelihood
What each source reports
CVE List Score used
3.8
Hono: Improper validation of NumericDate claims (exp, nbf, iat) in JWT verify()
Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.18, improper validation of the JWT NumericDate claims exp, nbf, and iat in hono/utils/jwt allows tokens with non-spec-compliant claim values to silently bypass time-based checks. This issue is not exploitable by an anonymous attacker; it only manifests when a malformed claim value reaches verify() — typically when the application itself issues such tokens, or when the signing key is otherwise under attacker control. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.18.
- Record
CVE-2026-44459- CVSS 3.1
- 3.8 Low
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N - Weakness
- CWE-1284
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2026-30038
3.8
Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.18, improper validation of the JWT NumericDate claims exp, nbf, and iat in hono/utils/jwt allows tokens with non-spec-compliant claim values to silently bypass time-based checks. This issue is not exploitable by an anonymous attacker; it only manifests when a malformed claim value reaches verify() — typically when the application itself issues such tokens, or when the signing key is otherwise under attacker control. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.18.
- Record
EUVD-2026-30038- CVSS 3.1
- 3.8 Low
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N - Updated
- 2026-11-02
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-hm8q-7f3q-5f36
3.8
Hono has improper validation of NumericDate claims (exp, nbf, iat) in JWT verify()
Summary
Improper validation of the JWT NumericDate claims exp, nbf, and iat in hono/utils/jwt allows tokens with non-spec-compliant claim values to silently bypass time-based checks. This issue is not exploitable by an anonymous attacker; it only manifests when a malformed claim value reaches verify() — typically when the application itself issues such tokens, or when the signing key is otherwise under attacker control.
Details
The validation routine combined option, presence, and threshold checks in a single short-circuiting expression, so several classes of malformed values were silently skipped instead of rejected:
- A falsy numeric value short-circuited the presence check.
- A non-finite numeric value compared as never-after-now and never-expired.
- A non-numeric type produced NaN comparisons that evaluated false.
This deviates from RFC 7519 §4.1.4, which defines NumericDate as a finite JSON numeric value.
Impact
An actor able to issue tokens accepted by the application may craft tokens whose exp, nbf, or iat claims silently bypass time-based enforcement. This may lead to:
- Tokens treated as never expiring even with
expconfigured on the verifier. - Tokens with a future
nbfaccepted as currently valid. - Tokens with a future
iataccepted as legitimately issued.
Deployments using a well-formed token issuer and protecting the signing key are not affected.
- Record
GHSA-hm8q-7f3q-5f36- CVSS 3.1
- 3.8 Low
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N - Weakness
- CWE-1284
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
NVD
3.8
Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.18, improper validation of the JWT NumericDate claims exp, nbf, and iat in hono/utils/jwt allows tokens with non-spec-compliant claim values to silently bypass time-based checks. This issue is not exploitable by an anonymous attacker; it only manifests when a malformed claim value reaches verify() — typically when the application itself issues such tokens, or when the signing key is otherwise under attacker control. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.18.
- Record
CVE-2026-44459- CVSS 3.1
- 3.8 Low
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N - Weakness
- CWE-1284
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSV
3.8
Hono: Improper validation of NumericDate claims (exp, nbf, iat) in JWT verify()
Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.18, improper validation of the JWT NumericDate claims exp, nbf, and iat in hono/utils/jwt allows tokens with non-spec-compliant claim values to silently bypass time-based checks. This issue is not exploitable by an anonymous attacker; it only manifests when a malformed claim value reaches verify() — typically when the application itself issues such tokens, or when the signing key is otherwise under attacker control. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.18.
- Record
CVE-2026-44459- CVSS 3.1
- 3.8 Low
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N - Weakness
- CWE-1284
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVGHSA-hm8q-7f3q-5f36
3.8
Hono has improper validation of NumericDate claims (exp, nbf, iat) in JWT verify()
Summary
Improper validation of the JWT NumericDate claims exp, nbf, and iat in hono/utils/jwt allows tokens with non-spec-compliant claim values to silently bypass time-based checks. This issue is not exploitable by an anonymous attacker; it only manifests when a malformed claim value reaches verify() — typically when the application itself issues such tokens, or when the signing key is otherwise under attacker control.
Details
The validation routine combined option, presence, and threshold checks in a single short-circuiting expression, so several classes of malformed values were silently skipped instead of rejected:
- A falsy numeric value short-circuited the presence check.
- A non-finite numeric value compared as never-after-now and never-expired.
- A non-numeric type produced NaN comparisons that evaluated false.
This deviates from RFC 7519 §4.1.4, which defines NumericDate as a finite JSON numeric value.
Impact
An actor able to issue tokens accepted by the application may craft tokens whose exp, nbf, or iat claims silently bypass time-based enforcement. This may lead to:
- Tokens treated as never expiring even with
expconfigured on the verifier. - Tokens with a future
nbfaccepted as currently valid. - Tokens with a future
iataccepted as legitimately issued.
Deployments using a well-formed token issuer and protecting the signing key are not affected.
- Record
GHSA-hm8q-7f3q-5f36- CVSS 3.1
- 3.8 Low
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N - Weakness
- CWE-1284
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVCLSA-2026-1790413170 No score
TuxCare security update for hono (15 CVEs)
TuxCare rebuilt hono to address 15 CVEs. Fixed in 3.12.12-tuxcare.1.
- Record
CLSA-2026-1790413170- Updated
- 2026-11-02
Affected products
Affected packages
History
| Recorded | Changed | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| affected, facts | ||
| first indexed | CVE List, EUVD, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV |
Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.
In short
CVE-2026-44459 is a low vulnerability (CVSS 3.8) in Hono, published May 9, 2026. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.22%, the 12th percentile. Fixed in hono 4.12.18.