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CVE-2026-45088

Dalfox: Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read with Out-of-Band Exfiltration via `custom-payload-file` in Dalfox Server Mode

7.5 HighFix available

Dalfox is a powerful open-source XSS scanner and utility focused on automation. Prior to 2.13.0, when dalfox is run in REST API server mode, the custom-payload-file field in model.Options is JSON-tagged and deserialized directly from the attacker's request body, then propagated unchanged through dalfox.Initialize into the scan engine. The engine passes the value to voltFile.ReadLinesOrLiteral, which reads lines from any file path accessible to the dalfox process and embeds each line as an XSS payload in outbound HTTP requests directed at the attacker-controlled target URL. Because the server has no API key by default, an unauthenticated network attacker can exfiltrate the contents of arbitrary files on the dalfox host by reading them line-by-line through scan traffic. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.13.0.

Attack profile

How easy it is to exploit

Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges needed
None
User interaction
None

What an attacker can affect

Confidentiality
High
Integrity
None
Availability
None

Exploit likelihood

0.31%Up 0.3 points since May 28, 2026
90%50%10%1%

What each source reports

CVE List Score used 7.5

Dalfox: Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read with Out-of-Band Exfiltration via `custom-payload-file` in Dalfox Server Mode

Dalfox is a powerful open-source XSS scanner and utility focused on automation. Prior to 2.13.0, when dalfox is run in REST API server mode, the custom-payload-file field in model.Options is JSON-tagged and deserialized directly from the attacker's request body, then propagated unchanged through dalfox.Initialize into the scan engine. The engine passes the value to voltFile.ReadLinesOrLiteral, which reads lines from any file path accessible to the dalfox process and embeds each line as an XSS payload in outbound HTTP requests directed at the attacker-controlled target URL. Because the server has no API key by default, an unauthenticated network attacker can exfiltrate the contents of arbitrary files on the dalfox host by reading them line-by-line through scan traffic. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.13.0.

Record
CVE-2026-45088
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Weakness
CWE-73, CWE-306, CWE-552
Updated
2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2026-32616 7.5

Dalfox is a powerful open-source XSS scanner and utility focused on automation. Prior to 2.13.0, when dalfox is run in REST API server mode, the custom-payload-file field in model.Options is JSON-tagged and deserialized directly from the attacker's request body, then propagated unchanged through dalfox.Initialize into the scan engine. The engine passes the value to voltFile.ReadLinesOrLiteral, which reads lines from any file path accessible to the dalfox process and embeds each line as an XSS payload in outbound HTTP requests directed at the attacker-controlled target URL. Because the server has no API key by default, an unauthenticated network attacker can exfiltrate the contents of arbitrary files on the dalfox host by reading them line-by-line through scan traffic. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.13.0.

Record
EUVD-2026-32616
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Updated
2026-11-02
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-35wr-x7v6-9fv2 7.5

Dalfox Server Mode has an Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read with Out-of-Band Exfiltration via `custom-payload-file`

Summary

When dalfox is run in REST API server mode, the custom-payload-file field in model.Options is JSON-tagged and deserialized directly from the attacker's request body, then propagated unchanged through dalfox.Initialize into the scan engine. The engine passes the value to voltFile.ReadLinesOrLiteral, which reads lines from any file path accessible to the dalfox process and embeds each line as an XSS payload in outbound HTTP requests directed at the attacker-controlled target URL. Because the server has no API key by default, an unauthenticated network attacker can exfiltrate the contents of arbitrary files on the dalfox host by reading them line-by-line through scan traffic.

Severity

High (CVSS 3.1: 7.5)

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

  • Attack Vector: Network — server binds to 0.0.0.0:6664 by default; reachable by any network peer.
  • Attack Complexity: Low — no preconditions beyond network access; skip-discovery and param are both attacker-supplied, so the code path is fully under attacker control.
  • Privileges Required: None — --api-key defaults to "", so the auth middleware is not registered.
  • User Interaction: None.
  • Scope: Unchanged — the file read and the outbound HTTP exfiltration request both originate from the same dalfox process authority.
  • Confidentiality Impact: High — the attacker can read any file the dalfox process can open: private keys, configuration files containing database credentials, environment files, /etc/passwd, etc.
  • Integrity Impact: None — this path is read-only.
  • Availability Impact: None.

Affected Component

  • cmd/server.go — init() (line 51): --api-key defaults to "" — no auth by default
  • pkg/server/server.go — setupEchoServer() (line 68): auth middleware only registered when APIKey != ""
  • pkg/server/server.go — postScanHandler() (lines 173–191): rq.Options (including CustomPayloadFile) passed to ScanFromAPI without sanitization
  • lib/func.go — Initialize() (line 117): CustomPayloadFile explicitly propagated from caller options
  • pkg/scanning/scan.go — anonymous block (lines 341–368): voltFile.ReadLinesOrLiteral(options.CustomPayloadFile) reads file; contents injected into outbound requests

CWE

  • CWE-306: Missing Authentication for Critical Function
  • CWE-73: External Control of File Name or Path
  • CWE-552: Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties

Description

custom-payload-file Is Fully Attacker-Controlled

model.Options exposes CustomPayloadFile with a JSON tag:

// pkg/model/options.go:33
CustomPayloadFile string `json:"custom-payload-file,omitempty"`

postScanHandler binds the entire Req.Options from the JSON body and passes it directly to ScanFromAPI:

// pkg/server/server.go:173-191
rq := new(Req)
if err := c.Bind(rq); err != nil { ... }
go ScanFromAPI(rq.URL, rq.Options, *options, sid)

ScanFromAPI passes rqOptions as target.Options to dalfox.Initialize:

// pkg/server/scan.go:22-27
target := dalfox.Target{
    URL:     url,
    Method:  rqOptions.Method,
    Options: rqOptions,
}
newOptions := dalfox.Initialize(target, target.Options)

Initialize explicitly copies CustomPayloadFile into newOptions with no filtering:

// lib/func.go:117
"CustomPayloadFile": {&newOptions.CustomPayloadFile, options.CustomPayloadFile},

File Read and Exfiltration Path

In pkg/scanning/scan.go, when the scan engine reaches the custom payload phase, it reads the attacker-specified file path:

// pkg/scanning/scan.go:341-366
if (options.SkipDiscovery || utils.IsAllowType(policy["Content-Type"])) && options.CustomPayloadFile != "" {
    ff, err := voltFile.ReadLinesOrLiteral(options.CustomPayloadFile)
    if err != nil {
        printing.DalLog("SYSTEM", "Failed to load custom XSS payload file", options)
    } else {
        for _,…
Record
GHSA-35wr-x7v6-9fv2
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Weakness
CWE-73, CWE-306, CWE-552
Updated
2026-11-02
NVD 7.5

Dalfox is a powerful open-source XSS scanner and utility focused on automation. Prior to 2.13.0, when dalfox is run in REST API server mode, the custom-payload-file field in model.Options is JSON-tagged and deserialized directly from the attacker's request body, then propagated unchanged through dalfox.Initialize into the scan engine. The engine passes the value to voltFile.ReadLinesOrLiteral, which reads lines from any file path accessible to the dalfox process and embeds each line as an XSS payload in outbound HTTP requests directed at the attacker-controlled target URL. Because the server has no API key by default, an unauthenticated network attacker can exfiltrate the contents of arbitrary files on the dalfox host by reading them line-by-line through scan traffic. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.13.0.

Record
CVE-2026-45088
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Weakness
CWE-73, CWE-306, CWE-552
Updated
2026-11-02
OSV 7.5

Dalfox: Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read with Out-of-Band Exfiltration via `custom-payload-file` in Dalfox Server Mode

Dalfox is a powerful open-source XSS scanner and utility focused on automation. Prior to 2.13.0, when dalfox is run in REST API server mode, the custom-payload-file field in model.Options is JSON-tagged and deserialized directly from the attacker's request body, then propagated unchanged through dalfox.Initialize into the scan engine. The engine passes the value to voltFile.ReadLinesOrLiteral, which reads lines from any file path accessible to the dalfox process and embeds each line as an XSS payload in outbound HTTP requests directed at the attacker-controlled target URL. Because the server has no API key by default, an unauthenticated network attacker can exfiltrate the contents of arbitrary files on the dalfox host by reading them line-by-line through scan traffic. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.13.0.

Record
CVE-2026-45088
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Weakness
CWE-306, CWE-552, CWE-73
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVGHSA-35wr-x7v6-9fv2 7.5

Dalfox Server Mode has an Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read with Out-of-Band Exfiltration via `custom-payload-file`

Summary

When dalfox is run in REST API server mode, the custom-payload-file field in model.Options is JSON-tagged and deserialized directly from the attacker's request body, then propagated unchanged through dalfox.Initialize into the scan engine. The engine passes the value to voltFile.ReadLinesOrLiteral, which reads lines from any file path accessible to the dalfox process and embeds each line as an XSS payload in outbound HTTP requests directed at the attacker-controlled target URL. Because the server has no API key by default, an unauthenticated network attacker can exfiltrate the contents of arbitrary files on the dalfox host by reading them line-by-line through scan traffic.

Severity

High (CVSS 3.1: 7.5)

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

  • Attack Vector: Network — server binds to 0.0.0.0:6664 by default; reachable by any network peer.
  • Attack Complexity: Low — no preconditions beyond network access; skip-discovery and param are both attacker-supplied, so the code path is fully under attacker control.
  • Privileges Required: None — --api-key defaults to "", so the auth middleware is not registered.
  • User Interaction: None.
  • Scope: Unchanged — the file read and the outbound HTTP exfiltration request both originate from the same dalfox process authority.
  • Confidentiality Impact: High — the attacker can read any file the dalfox process can open: private keys, configuration files containing database credentials, environment files, /etc/passwd, etc.
  • Integrity Impact: None — this path is read-only.
  • Availability Impact: None.

Affected Component

  • cmd/server.go — init() (line 51): --api-key defaults to "" — no auth by default
  • pkg/server/server.go — setupEchoServer() (line 68): auth middleware only registered when APIKey != ""
  • pkg/server/server.go — postScanHandler() (lines 173–191): rq.Options (including CustomPayloadFile) passed to ScanFromAPI without sanitization
  • lib/func.go — Initialize() (line 117): CustomPayloadFile explicitly propagated from caller options
  • pkg/scanning/scan.go — anonymous block (lines 341–368): voltFile.ReadLinesOrLiteral(options.CustomPayloadFile) reads file; contents injected into outbound requests

CWE

  • CWE-306: Missing Authentication for Critical Function
  • CWE-73: External Control of File Name or Path
  • CWE-552: Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties

Description

custom-payload-file Is Fully Attacker-Controlled

model.Options exposes CustomPayloadFile with a JSON tag:

// pkg/model/options.go:33
CustomPayloadFile string `json:"custom-payload-file,omitempty"`

postScanHandler binds the entire Req.Options from the JSON body and passes it directly to ScanFromAPI:

// pkg/server/server.go:173-191
rq := new(Req)
if err := c.Bind(rq); err != nil { ... }
go ScanFromAPI(rq.URL, rq.Options, *options, sid)

ScanFromAPI passes rqOptions as target.Options to dalfox.Initialize:

// pkg/server/scan.go:22-27
target := dalfox.Target{
    URL:     url,
    Method:  rqOptions.Method,
    Options: rqOptions,
}
newOptions := dalfox.Initialize(target, target.Options)

Initialize explicitly copies CustomPayloadFile into newOptions with no filtering:

// lib/func.go:117
"CustomPayloadFile": {&newOptions.CustomPayloadFile, options.CustomPayloadFile},

File Read and Exfiltration Path

In pkg/scanning/scan.go, when the scan engine reaches the custom payload phase, it reads the attacker-specified file path:

// pkg/scanning/scan.go:341-366
if (options.SkipDiscovery || utils.IsAllowType(policy["Content-Type"])) && options.CustomPayloadFile != "" {
    ff, err := voltFile.ReadLinesOrLiteral(options.CustomPayloadFile)
    if err != nil {
        printing.DalLog("SYSTEM", "Failed to load custom XSS payload file", options)
    } else {
        for _,…
Record
GHSA-35wr-x7v6-9fv2
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Weakness
CWE-306, CWE-552, CWE-73
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVGO-2026-5070 No score

Dalfox Server Mode has an Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read with Out-of-Band Exfiltration via `custom-payload-file` in github.com/hahwul/dalfox

Dalfox Server Mode has an Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read with Out-of-Band Exfiltration via custom-payload-file in github.com/hahwul/dalfox

Record
GO-2026-5070
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVopenSUSE-SU-2026:21483-1 No score

Security update for govulncheck-vulndb

This update for govulncheck-vulndb fixes the following issues:

  • Update to version 0.0.20260723T184607 2026-07-23T18:46:07Z (jsc#PED-11136).

Go CVE Numbering Authority IDs added or updated with aliases:

  • GO-2026-4730 CVE-2026-33022 GHSA-cv4x-93xx-wgfj
  • GO-2026-4761 CVE-2026-33211 GHSA-j5q5-j9gm-2w5c
  • GO-2026-5102 CVE-2026-45021 GHSA-3vcp-chfh-f6r2
  • GO-2026-5272 CVE-2026-40938 GHSA-94jr-7pqp-xhcq
  • GO-2026-5486 CVE-2026-40924 GHSA-m2cx-gpqf-qf74
  • GO-2026-5542 CVE-2026-40090 GHSA-pj97-4p9w-gx3q
  • GO-2026-5630 CVE-2026-25542 GHSA-rmx9-2pp3-xhcr
  • GO-2026-5643 CVE-2026-40923 GHSA-rx35-6rhx-7858
  • GO-2026-5675 CVE-2026-41492 GHSA-vvf7-6rmr-m29q
  • GO-2026-5711 CVE-2026-40161 GHSA-wjxp-xrpv-xpff
  • GO-2026-5746 CVE-2026-41567 GHSA-x86f-5xw2-fm2r
  • GO-2026-5749 CVE-2026-41328 GHSA-x92x-px7w-4gx4
  • GO-2026-5837 CVE-2026-44840 GHSA-q2m9-6jp9-c6mc
  • GO-2026-5929 CVE-2026-44342 GHSA-26v7-h57m-gh9m
  • GO-2026-5930 CVE-2026-33655 GHSA-6qcr-qxgr-m7fv
  • GO-2026-5933 GHSA-3g4q-2f67-2gvh
  • GO-2026-5934 GHSA-59qp-cfj3-rp64
  • GO-2026-5935 GHSA-7856-g3gv-9wq8
  • GO-2026-5936 CVE-2026-53552 GHSA-26rh-24rg-j3vv
  • GO-2026-5937 CVE-2026-53508 GHSA-2jcc-mxv7-p3f9
  • GO-2026-5938 CVE-2026-53553 GHSA-4g5x-hcwm-82jw
  • GO-2026-5939 CVE-2026-10517 GHSA-698x-9w2p-7vvp
  • GO-2026-5940 CVE-2026-53572 GHSA-6w3m-4hhp-775q
  • GO-2026-5941 CVE-2026-53487 GHSA-gvhc-wv3v-7pf8
  • GO-2026-5942 CVE-2026-46600
  • GO-2026-5944 CVE-2026-50197 GHSA-659f-rgp5-w4wf
  • GO-2026-5945 CVE-2026-6815 GHSA-rmxx-v9rj-vpvg
  • GO-2026-5946 CVE-2026-52831 GHSA-v5px-423j-pf7p
  • GO-2026-5947 CVE-2026-53649 GHSA-xqhv-chqm-fhcc
  • GO-2026-5948 CVE-2026-50554 GHSA-588f-fvcv-xhvf
  • GO-2026-5949 CVE-2026-50553 GHSA-rqrh-8wpv-x7hh
  • GO-2026-5950 CVE-2026-53602 GHSA-339v-266x-79xr
  • GO-2026-5951 CVE-2026-10219 GHSA-6jm8-4fhr-5w64
  • GO-2026-5952 CVE-2026-49834 GHSA-9vcr-p3rj-q5q6
  • GO-2026-5953 CVE-2026-9094 GHSA-c9w5-qp6m-m395
  • GO-2026-5956 CVE-2026-55252 GHSA-h5g6-xmh4-hc37
  • GO-2026-5957 CVE-2026-54158 GHSA-5xfx-xj4h-5p7r
  • GO-2026-5958 CVE-2026-54068 GHSA-gcm7-57gf-953c
  • GO-2026-5959 CVE-2026-54072 GHSA-h29v-hj44-q8cv
  • GO-2026-5961 CVE-2026-54069 GHSA-hvr9-72v2-fff3
  • GO-2026-5962 CVE-2026-54088 GHSA-m93h-4hw7-5qcm
  • GO-2026-5963 CVE-2026-54067 GHSA-mvjr-vv3c-w4qv
  • GO-2026-5964 CVE-2026-54066 GHSA-p4m3-mgmm-c664
  • GO-2026-5965 CVE-2026-54070 GHSA-w7cg-whh7-xp28
  • GO-2026-5966 CVE-2026-54089 GHSA-xqp3-jq6g-x3qm
  • GO-2026-5967 CVE-2026-50551 GHSA-56mp-4f3v-fgj2
  • GO-2026-5968 CVE-2026-54174 GHSA-fpg8-7664-jc5q
  • GO-2026-5969 GHSA-g936-7jqj-mwv8
  • GO-2026-5970 CVE-2026-56852
  • GO-2026-5973 CVE-2026-54250 GHSA-jxr7-mqhw-9p98
  • GO-2026-5974 CVE-2026-44300 GHSA-wmj8-9953-vff5
  • GO-2026-5975 CVE-2026-50018 GHSA-42j2-w334-qxw7
  • GO-2026-5976 CVE-2026-50141 GHSA-g7mm-9vx7-jm7h
  • GO-2026-5977 CVE-2026-50013 GHSA-qrh4-p6v4-mrfg
  • GO-2026-5978 CVE-2026-50125 GHSA-qw5r-ppcg-f8rj
  • GO-2026-5979 CVE-2026-50006 GHSA-xrcf-6jh3-ggvx
  • GO-2026-5980 CVE-2026-50158 GHSA-2c7f-fxww-6w6c
  • GO-2026-5981 GHSA-mqxv-9rm6-w8qc
  • GO-2026-5982 GHSA-pqg7-v6wh-3pfp
  • GO-2026-5984 CVE-2026-53604 GHSA-2p2f-px33-4vv5
  • GO-2026-5985 GHSA-7rx3-5wx3-5v76
  • GO-2026-5986 CVE-2026-61699 GHSA-cm26-5974-52h8
  • GO-2026-5987 CVE-2026-55513 GHSA-g4x6-jcvr-9m3g
  • GO-2026-5988 CVE-2026-54628 GHSA-hwrq-8wxh-q4xv
  • GO-2026-5989 CVE-2026-55512 GHSA-m3cx-mwpg-32jg
  • GO-2026-5990 CVE-2026-54629 GHSA-mf78-3rpf-r784
  • GO-2026-5991 CVE-2026-53603 GHSA-q4vm-pq3q-8wgq
  • GO-2026-5992 CVE-2026-61549 GHSA-qf34-295c-26v8
  • GO-2026-5996 CVE-2026-54450 GHSA-pph6-vfjv-vpjw
  • GO-2026-5997 CVE-2026-54452 GHSA-xgch-x3mx-cm3c
  • GO-2026-5998 CVE-2026-54495 GHSA-398h-7f66-3h4p
  • GO-2026-5999 CVE-2026-10814 GHSA-jh6h-v6mp-h22v
  • GO-2026-6002 CVE-2026-58196 GHSA-pr64-jmmf-jp54
  • GO-2026-6003 CVE-2026-53714 GHSA-22xc-xg2r-9j7v
  • GO-2026-6004 CVE-2026-52833 GHSA-3v79-m2cg-89ww
  • GO-2026-6005 CVE-2026-53715 GHSA-8fv2-88gg-hm7q
  • GO-2026-6006 CVE-2026-53716 GHSA-cxpq-8v7q-cg56 *…
Record
openSUSE-SU-2026:21483-1
Updated
2026-11-02

Affected products

Affected packages

Affected packages
PackageAffectedFixed
github.com/hahwul/dalfox/v2
Go
 through 2.12.0
2.13.0
github.com/hahwul/dalfox/v2
Go
 before 2.13.0
2.13.0
github.com/hahwul/dalfox
Go
 All versions None known
govulncheck-vulndb
openSUSE:Leap 16.0
From an advisory covering 1734 CVEs
 before 0.0.20260723T184607-160000.1.1
0.0.20260723T184607-160000.1.1

History

History
RecordedChangedSources
affected, facts
first indexedCVE List, EUVD, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV

Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.

In short

CVE-2026-45088 is a high vulnerability (CVSS 7.5) in Hahwul Dalfox, published May 12, 2026. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.31%, the 24th percentile. Fixed in github.com/hahwul/dalfox/v2 2.13.0.

References

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