CVE-2026-46350

dcmjs is a JavaScript implementation of DICOM manipulation. Prior to 0.52.0, the DecimalString and IntegerString implementations in src/ValueRepresentation.js sanitize text with a permissive regular expression and pass the result to JavaScript's Number constructor without validating finiteness or the DICOM value-representation rules. Scientific notation overflow in a DS or IS field can produce positive or negative Infinity, while stripping alphabetic characters from signed infinity text can leave a sign-only string that converts to NaN. IntegerString also accepts exponent notation and values outside the DICOM signed 32-bit IS range. Applications that trust these parsed values can propagate invalid numbers into spatial geometry, display windowing, dose scaling, frame counts, rescaling, or volume reconstruction, causing incorrect calculations or disrupted processing. This issue is fixed in version 0.52.0.

dcmjs is a JavaScript implementation of DICOM manipulation. Prior to 0.52.0, the DecimalString and IntegerString implementations in src/ValueRepresentation.js sanitize text with a permissive regular expression and pass the result to JavaScript's Number constructor without validating finiteness or the DICOM value-representation rules. Scientific notation overflow in a DS or IS field can produce positive or negative Infinity, while stripping alphabetic characters from signed infinity text can leave a sign-only string that converts to NaN. IntegerString also accepts exponent notation and values outside the DICOM signed 32-bit IS range. Applications that trust these parsed values can propagate invalid numbers into spatial geometry, display windowing, dose scaling, frame counts, rescaling, or volume reconstruction, causing incorrect calculations or disrupted processing. This issue is fixed in version 0.52.0.

dcmjs, a JavaScript library for DICOM manipulation used in web-based medical imaging viewers, contains an input validation bypass in its handling of DS (Decimal String) and IS (Integer String) value representations.

The DecimalString and IntegerString classes in ValueRepresentation.js use a regex sanitizer followed by JavaScript's Number() constructor. While the regex strips direct NaN/Infinity strings, it preserves scientific notation (including the 'e' character), enabling:

1. Infinity injection via scientific notation overflow (1e999999)
2. NaN injection via sign-only remnants from stripped inf strings ("-inf" -> "-")
3. IS accepting scientific notation in violation of PS3.5

AFFECTED PRODUCT

Product: dcmjs (JavaScript DICOM manipulation library) Repository: https://github.com/dcmjs-org/dcmjs npm: https://www.npmjs.com/package/dcmjs Affected Versions: < 0.52.0 (patched in 0.52.0, released 2026-05-19) CVE: CVE-2026-46350 (assigned by GitHub 2026-05-13) CWE: CWE-20 (Improper Input Validation) CVSS Score: 7.5 (HIGH) CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H Maintainer note: The CVSS score above is the reporter's assessment; dcmjs rates this low, because malformed input produces NaN/Infinity in values the caller must range-check in any case (both are reachable by other means, and no trust boundary enforced by dcmjs is crossed).

DOWNSTREAM IMPACT

dcmjs is a foundational library used by:

• OHIF Viewer (Open Health Imaging Foundation)
• Cornerstone.js ecosystem
• DICOMweb client/server implementations
• Research and clinical web-based PACS viewers
• Any Node.js or browser application parsing DICOM via dcmjs

ROOT CAUSE

In src/ValueRepresentation.js, both DecimalString and IntegerString use:

let returnVal = numberStr.trim().replace(/[^0-9.\\\-+e]/gi, "");
return returnVal === "" ? null : Number(returnVal);

The regex /[^0-9.\-+e]/gi strips characters NOT in the set {0-9, ., , -, +, e, E}. This provides partial defense: direct "NaN" and "Infinity" strings are stripped to empty/null. However:

(a) Scientific notation is fully preserved because 'e', digits, '+', '-', '.' all pass the regex. "1e999999" passes intact, and Number("1e999999") returns JavaScript Infinity.

(b) The string "-inf" is stripped to just "-" (only the minus passes the regex). Number("-") returns JavaScript NaN.

(c) IntegerString uses the SAME regex/logic as DecimalString, meaning IS accepts scientific notation ("1e5" -> 100000) in violation of PS3.5 Section 6.2, which restricts IS to characters 0-9, +, -.

(d) No range validation exists for IS values (PS3.5 requires [-2^31, 2^31-1]) or DS values (16-character max, fixed/floating-point only).

VULNERABILITY DETAILS

Attack Vector 1: Infinity via Scientific Notation Overflow

Input: DS or IS field containing "1e999999" Regex: Passes (all chars in allowed set) Result: Number("1e999999") -> Infinity Impact: Infinity propagates through all downstream arithmetic

Attack Vector 2: Negative Infinity via Scientific Notation

Input: DS or IS field containing "-1e999999" Regex: Passes Result: Number("-1e999999") -> -Infinity Impact: Negative Infinity in spatial/dosimetric calculations

Attack Vector 3: NaN via Sign-Only Remnant

Input: DS or IS field containing "-inf" Regex: Strips to "-" Result: Number("-") -> NaN Impact: NaN propagates silently through arithmetic (IEEE 754)

Attack Vector 4: NaN via Plus-Only Remnant

Input: DS or IS field containing "+inf" Regex: Strips to "+" Result: Number("+") -> NaN Impact: Same as above

Attack Vector 5: IS Scientific Notation Bypass…

dcmjs is a JavaScript implementation of DICOM manipulation. Prior to 0.52.0, the DecimalString and IntegerString implementations in src/ValueRepresentation.js sanitize text with a permissive regular expression and pass the result to JavaScript's Number constructor without validating finiteness or the DICOM value-representation rules. Scientific notation overflow in a DS or IS field can produce positive or negative Infinity, while stripping alphabetic characters from signed infinity text can leave a sign-only string that converts to NaN. IntegerString also accepts exponent notation and values outside the DICOM signed 32-bit IS range. Applications that trust these parsed values can propagate invalid numbers into spatial geometry, display windowing, dose scaling, frame counts, rescaling, or volume reconstruction, causing incorrect calculations or disrupted processing. This issue is fixed in version 0.52.0.

dcmjs is a JavaScript implementation of DICOM manipulation. Prior to 0.52.0, the DecimalString and IntegerString implementations in src/ValueRepresentation.js sanitize text with a permissive regular expression and pass the result to JavaScript's Number constructor without validating finiteness or the DICOM value-representation rules. Scientific notation overflow in a DS or IS field can produce positive or negative Infinity, while stripping alphabetic characters from signed infinity text can leave a sign-only string that converts to NaN. IntegerString also accepts exponent notation and values outside the DICOM signed 32-bit IS range. Applications that trust these parsed values can propagate invalid numbers into spatial geometry, display windowing, dose scaling, frame counts, rescaling, or volume reconstruction, causing incorrect calculations or disrupted processing. This issue is fixed in version 0.52.0.

dcmjs, a JavaScript library for DICOM manipulation used in web-based medical imaging viewers, contains an input validation bypass in its handling of DS (Decimal String) and IS (Integer String) value representations.

The DecimalString and IntegerString classes in ValueRepresentation.js use a regex sanitizer followed by JavaScript's Number() constructor. While the regex strips direct NaN/Infinity strings, it preserves scientific notation (including the 'e' character), enabling:

1. Infinity injection via scientific notation overflow (1e999999)
2. NaN injection via sign-only remnants from stripped inf strings ("-inf" -> "-")
3. IS accepting scientific notation in violation of PS3.5

AFFECTED PRODUCT

Product: dcmjs (JavaScript DICOM manipulation library) Repository: https://github.com/dcmjs-org/dcmjs npm: https://www.npmjs.com/package/dcmjs Affected Versions: < 0.52.0 (patched in 0.52.0, released 2026-05-19) CVE: CVE-2026-46350 (assigned by GitHub 2026-05-13) CWE: CWE-20 (Improper Input Validation) CVSS Score: 7.5 (HIGH) CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H Maintainer note: The CVSS score above is the reporter's assessment; dcmjs rates this low, because malformed input produces NaN/Infinity in values the caller must range-check in any case (both are reachable by other means, and no trust boundary enforced by dcmjs is crossed).

DOWNSTREAM IMPACT

dcmjs is a foundational library used by:

• OHIF Viewer (Open Health Imaging Foundation)
• Cornerstone.js ecosystem
• DICOMweb client/server implementations
• Research and clinical web-based PACS viewers
• Any Node.js or browser application parsing DICOM via dcmjs

ROOT CAUSE

In src/ValueRepresentation.js, both DecimalString and IntegerString use:

let returnVal = numberStr.trim().replace(/[^0-9.\\\-+e]/gi, "");
return returnVal === "" ? null : Number(returnVal);

The regex /[^0-9.\-+e]/gi strips characters NOT in the set {0-9, ., , -, +, e, E}. This provides partial defense: direct "NaN" and "Infinity" strings are stripped to empty/null. However:

(a) Scientific notation is fully preserved because 'e', digits, '+', '-', '.' all pass the regex. "1e999999" passes intact, and Number("1e999999") returns JavaScript Infinity.

(b) The string "-inf" is stripped to just "-" (only the minus passes the regex). Number("-") returns JavaScript NaN.

(c) IntegerString uses the SAME regex/logic as DecimalString, meaning IS accepts scientific notation ("1e5" -> 100000) in violation of PS3.5 Section 6.2, which restricts IS to characters 0-9, +, -.

(d) No range validation exists for IS values (PS3.5 requires [-2^31, 2^31-1]) or DS values (16-character max, fixed/floating-point only).

VULNERABILITY DETAILS

Attack Vector 1: Infinity via Scientific Notation Overflow

Input: DS or IS field containing "1e999999" Regex: Passes (all chars in allowed set) Result: Number("1e999999") -> Infinity Impact: Infinity propagates through all downstream arithmetic

Attack Vector 2: Negative Infinity via Scientific Notation

Input: DS or IS field containing "-1e999999" Regex: Passes Result: Number("-1e999999") -> -Infinity Impact: Negative Infinity in spatial/dosimetric calculations

Attack Vector 3: NaN via Sign-Only Remnant

Input: DS or IS field containing "-inf" Regex: Strips to "-" Result: Number("-") -> NaN Impact: NaN propagates silently through arithmetic (IEEE 754)

Attack Vector 4: NaN via Plus-Only Remnant

Input: DS or IS field containing "+inf" Regex: Strips to "+" Result: Number("+") -> NaN Impact: Same as above

Attack Vector 5: IS Scientific Notation Bypass…