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CVE-2026-53426

Atom-table exhaustion denial-of-service via JSON parse_document in MDEx

8.2 HighFix available

Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in leandrocp MDEx allows Excessive Allocation.

MDEx.parse_document/2 accepts a {:json, json} source. In lib/mdex.ex, the private json_to_node/1 function passes the attacker-controlled node_type value to Module.concat/1, which calls String.to_atom/1 and interns a brand-new atom for every distinct value. Atoms are never garbage collected on the BEAM, so a crafted JSON document carrying a unique node_type at each (deeply nested) node mints one permanent atom per node.

A single document can intern hundreds of thousands of atoms, and a large enough document exhausts the default atom table (around 1,048,576 atoms) and aborts the entire Erlang VM, taking down every process on the node. Any application that passes untrusted input to the {:json, ...} source of MDEx.parse_document is exposed to an unauthenticated denial-of-service.

This issue affects mdex from 0.4.3 before 0.13.2.

Attack profile

How easy it is to exploit

Attack vector
Local
Complexity
Low
Privileges needed
None
User interaction
None

What an attacker can affect

Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

Exploit likelihood

0.18%Up 0.1 points since Jun 30, 2026
90%50%10%1%

What each source reports

CVE List Score used 8.2

Atom-table exhaustion denial-of-service via JSON parse_document in MDEx

Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in leandrocp MDEx allows Excessive Allocation.

MDEx.parse_document/2 accepts a {:json, json} source. In lib/mdex.ex, the private json_to_node/1 function passes the attacker-controlled node_type value to Module.concat/1, which calls String.to_atom/1 and interns a brand-new atom for every distinct value. Atoms are never garbage collected on the BEAM, so a crafted JSON document carrying a unique node_type at each (deeply nested) node mints one permanent atom per node.

A single document can intern hundreds of thousands of atoms, and a large enough document exhausts the default atom table (around 1,048,576 atoms) and aborts the entire Erlang VM, taking down every process on the node. Any application that passes untrusted input to the {:json, ...} source of MDEx.parse_document is exposed to an unauthenticated denial-of-service.

This issue affects mdex from 0.4.3 before 0.13.2.

Record
CVE-2026-53426
CVSS 4.0
8.2 HighCVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:H
Weakness
CWE-770
Updated
2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2026-40179 8.2

Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in leandrocp MDEx allows Excessive Allocation.

MDEx.parse_document/2 accepts a {:json, json} source. In lib/mdex.ex, the private json_to_node/1 function passes the attacker-controlled node_type value to Module.concat/1, which calls String.to_atom/1 and interns a brand-new atom for every distinct value. Atoms are never garbage collected on the BEAM, so a crafted JSON document carrying a unique node_type at each (deeply nested) node mints one permanent atom per node.

A single document can intern hundreds of thousands of atoms, and a large enough document exhausts the default atom table (around 1,048,576 atoms) and aborts the entire Erlang VM, taking down every process on the node. Any application that passes untrusted input to the {:json, ...} source of MDEx.parse_document is exposed to an unauthenticated denial-of-service.

This issue affects mdex from 0.4.3 before 0.13.2.

Record
EUVD-2026-40179
CVSS 4.0
8.2 HighCVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:H
Updated
2026-11-02
NVD 8.2

Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in leandrocp MDEx allows Excessive Allocation.

MDEx.parse_document/2 accepts a {:json, json} source. In lib/mdex.ex, the private json_to_node/1 function passes the attacker-controlled node_type value to Module.concat/1, which calls String.to_atom/1 and interns a brand-new atom for every distinct value. Atoms are never garbage collected on the BEAM, so a crafted JSON document carrying a unique node_type at each (deeply nested) node mints one permanent atom per node.

A single document can intern hundreds of thousands of atoms, and a large enough document exhausts the default atom table (around 1,048,576 atoms) and aborts the entire Erlang VM, taking down every process on the node. Any application that passes untrusted input to the {:json, ...} source of MDEx.parse_document is exposed to an unauthenticated denial-of-service.

This issue affects mdex from 0.4.3 before 0.13.2.

Record
CVE-2026-53426
CVSS 4.0
8.2 HighCVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Weakness
CWE-770
Updated
2026-11-02
OSV 8.2

Atom-table exhaustion denial-of-service via JSON parse_document in MDEx

Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in leandrocp MDEx allows Excessive Allocation.

MDEx.parse_document/2 accepts a {:json, json} source. In lib/mdex.ex, the private json_to_node/1 function passes the attacker-controlled node_type value to Module.concat/1, which calls String.to_atom/1 and interns a brand-new atom for every distinct value. Atoms are never garbage collected on the BEAM, so a crafted JSON document carrying a unique node_type at each (deeply nested) node mints one permanent atom per node.

A single document can intern hundreds of thousands of atoms, and a large enough document exhausts the default atom table (around 1,048,576 atoms) and aborts the entire Erlang VM, taking down every process on the node. Any application that passes untrusted input to the {:json, ...} source of MDEx.parse_document is exposed to an unauthenticated denial-of-service.

This issue affects mdex from 0.4.3 before 0.13.2.

Record
CVE-2026-53426
CVSS 4.0
8.2 HighCVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:H
Weakness
CWE-770
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVEEF-CVE-2026-53426 8.2

Atom-table exhaustion denial-of-service via JSON parse_document in MDEx

Summary

Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in leandrocp MDEx allows Excessive Allocation.

MDEx.parse_document/2 accepts a {:json, json} source. In lib/mdex.ex, the private json_to_node/1 function passes the attacker-controlled node_type value to Module.concat/1, which calls String.to_atom/1 and interns a brand-new atom for every distinct value. Atoms are never garbage collected on the BEAM, so a crafted JSON document carrying a unique node_type at each (deeply nested) node mints one permanent atom per node.

A single document can intern hundreds of thousands of atoms, and a large enough document exhausts the default atom table (around 1,048,576 atoms) and aborts the entire Erlang VM, taking down every process on the node. Any application that passes untrusted input to the {:json, ...} source of MDEx.parse_document is exposed to an unauthenticated denial-of-service.

This issue affects mdex from 0.4.3 before 0.13.2.

Workarounds

Do not pass untrusted or attacker-controlled input to the {:json, ...} source of MDEx.parse_document/2. The {:markdown, ...} source is not affected.

Record
EEF-CVE-2026-53426
CVSS 4.0
8.2 HighCVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:H
Weakness
CWE-770
Updated
2026-11-02

Affected products

Affected packages

Affected packages
PackageAffectedFixed
mdex
Hex
0.4.3 up to 0.13.2, plus listed versions
0.10.00.11.00.11.10.11.20.11.3
Show 34 moreShow less
0.11.40.11.50.11.60.11.70.12.00.12.10.12.20.12.30.12.40.12.50.13.00.13.10.5.00.6.00.6.10.6.20.7.00.7.10.7.20.7.30.7.40.7.50.8.00.8.10.8.20.8.30.8.40.8.50.8.60.9.00.9.10.9.20.9.30.9.4
0.13.2

History

History
RecordedChangedSources
first indexedCVE List, EUVD, NVD, OSV

Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.

In short

CVE-2026-53426 is a high vulnerability (CVSS 8.2) in Leandrocp Mdex, published June 29, 2026. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.18%, the 7th percentile. Fixed in mdex 0.13.2.

References

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