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CVE-2026-54913

WebAssembly Micro Runtime: Missing `ref.null` heap-type validation in `load_init_expr` leaks host stack memory to the WebAssembly guest

6.9 Medium

WebAssembly Micro Runtime (WAMR) is a lightweight standalone WebAssembly (Wasm) runtime. Prior to 2.4.5, load_init_expr in core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_loader.c accepts a non-reference heap-type byte for ref.null when WASM_ENABLE_GC=0, while the local WASMValue cur_value union is not zero-initialized and setting ref_index writes only part of it. A crafted module can declare an i64, f64, or v128 global initialized through the invalid ref.null form, causing push_const_expr_stack and the later global initialization path to copy uninitialized host-stack bytes into a value readable by the guest. The classic and fast interpreters are affected in the default no-GC configuration; the GC-enabled path validates heap types. The disclosure is four bytes for i64 or f64 globals and up to twelve bytes for each v128 global. This issue is fixed in version 2.4.5.

Attack profile

How easy it is to exploit

Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges needed
None
User interaction
None

What an attacker can affect

Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
None
Availability
None

Exploit likelihood

0.30%Unchanged since Nov 6, 2026
90%50%10%1%

What each source reports

CVE List Score used 6.9

WebAssembly Micro Runtime: Missing `ref.null` heap-type validation in `load_init_expr` leaks host stack memory to the WebAssembly guest

WebAssembly Micro Runtime (WAMR) is a lightweight standalone WebAssembly (Wasm) runtime. Prior to 2.4.5, load_init_expr in core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_loader.c accepts a non-reference heap-type byte for ref.null when WASM_ENABLE_GC=0, while the local WASMValue cur_value union is not zero-initialized and setting ref_index writes only part of it. A crafted module can declare an i64, f64, or v128 global initialized through the invalid ref.null form, causing push_const_expr_stack and the later global initialization path to copy uninitialized host-stack bytes into a value readable by the guest. The classic and fast interpreters are affected in the default no-GC configuration; the GC-enabled path validates heap types. The disclosure is four bytes for i64 or f64 globals and up to twelve bytes for each v128 global. This issue is fixed in version 2.4.5.

Record
CVE-2026-54913
CVSS 4.0
6.9 MediumCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Weakness
CWE-457
Updated
2026-11-05
EUVDEUVD-2026-117616 6.9

WebAssembly Micro Runtime (WAMR) is a lightweight standalone WebAssembly (Wasm) runtime. Prior to 2.4.5, load_init_expr in core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_loader.c accepts a non-reference heap-type byte for ref.null when WASM_ENABLE_GC=0, while the local WASMValue cur_value union is not zero-initialized and setting ref_index writes only part of it. A crafted module can declare an i64, f64, or v128 global initialized through the invalid ref.null form, causing push_const_expr_stack and the later global initialization path to copy uninitialized host-stack bytes into a value readable by the guest. The classic and fast interpreters are affected in the default no-GC configuration; the GC-enabled path validates heap types. The disclosure is four bytes for i64 or f64 globals and up to twelve bytes for each v128 global. This issue is fixed in version 2.4.5.

Record
EUVD-2026-117616
CVSS 4.0
6.9 MediumCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Updated
2026-11-05
NVD 6.9

WebAssembly Micro Runtime (WAMR) is a lightweight standalone WebAssembly (Wasm) runtime. Prior to 2.4.5, load_init_expr in core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_loader.c accepts a non-reference heap-type byte for ref.null when WASM_ENABLE_GC=0, while the local WASMValue cur_value union is not zero-initialized and setting ref_index writes only part of it. A crafted module can declare an i64, f64, or v128 global initialized through the invalid ref.null form, causing push_const_expr_stack and the later global initialization path to copy uninitialized host-stack bytes into a value readable by the guest. The classic and fast interpreters are affected in the default no-GC configuration; the GC-enabled path validates heap types. The disclosure is four bytes for i64 or f64 globals and up to twelve bytes for each v128 global. This issue is fixed in version 2.4.5.

Record
CVE-2026-54913
CVSS 4.0
6.9 MediumCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Weakness
CWE-457
Updated
2026-11-05
OSV 6.9

WebAssembly Micro Runtime: Missing `ref.null` heap-type validation in `load_init_expr` leaks host stack memory to the WebAssembly guest

WebAssembly Micro Runtime (WAMR) is a lightweight standalone WebAssembly (Wasm) runtime. Prior to 2.4.5, load_init_expr in core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_loader.c accepts a non-reference heap-type byte for ref.null when WASM_ENABLE_GC=0, while the local WASMValue cur_value union is not zero-initialized and setting ref_index writes only part of it. A crafted module can declare an i64, f64, or v128 global initialized through the invalid ref.null form, causing push_const_expr_stack and the later global initialization path to copy uninitialized host-stack bytes into a value readable by the guest. The classic and fast interpreters are affected in the default no-GC configuration; the GC-enabled path validates heap types. The disclosure is four bytes for i64 or f64 globals and up to twelve bytes for each v128 global. This issue is fixed in version 2.4.5.

Record
CVE-2026-54913
CVSS 4.0
6.9 MediumCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Weakness
CWE-457
Updated
2026-11-07

Affected products

History

History
RecordedChangedSources
aliases, referencesNVD, OSV
cwes, references, severity, titleCVE List
first indexedEUVD

Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.

In short

CVE-2026-54913 is a medium vulnerability (CVSS 6.9) in Bytecodealliance Wasm-micro-runtime, published November 5, 2026. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.30%, the 23rd percentile. No source names a fixed version.

References

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