CVE-2026-61554

emp3r0r is a C2 designed by Linux users for Linux environments. Prior to version 4.2.5, the http_poll C2 transport accepts attacker-controlled HTTP polling sessions before CBOR MsgAuth authentication is completed. A remote unauthenticated attacker can create arbitrary polling sessions and send request bodies that are forwarded into the C2 dispatch path. This can consume server resources and trigger pre-auth C2 processing. Version 4.2.5 patches the issue.

emp3r0r is a C2 designed by Linux users for Linux environments. Prior to version 4.2.5, the http_poll C2 transport accepts attacker-controlled HTTP polling sessions before CBOR MsgAuth authentication is completed. A remote unauthenticated attacker can create arbitrary polling sessions and send request bodies that are forwarded into the C2 dispatch path. This can consume server resources and trigger pre-auth C2 processing. Version 4.2.5 patches the issue.

Summary

The http_poll C2 transport accepts attacker-controlled HTTP polling sessions before CBOR MsgAuth authentication is completed. A remote unauthenticated attacker can create arbitrary polling sessions and send request bodies that are forwarded into the C2 dispatch path. This can consume server resources and trigger pre-auth C2 processing.

Details

The plain HTTP C2 server starts the HTTP polling listener and forwards requests into HandleHTTPServerSession:

// core/internal/cc/server/c2_http_server.go
mux.HandleFunc(c2Path, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
    stream, err := transport.HandleHTTPServerSession(w, req, &live.RuntimeConfig.MalleableC2)
    ...
    if stream != nil {
        go cborStreamAccept(transport.NewStreamTransport(stream, req.RemoteAddr))
    }
})

The HTTP polling handler accepts an attacker-supplied sessionID and init=1 cookie, then creates and stores a server-side stream before authentication:

// core/internal/transport/c2channel_http.go
if isInit {
    stream = newHTTPServerStream(sessionID)
    w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
    return stream, nil
}

POST bodies for that unauthenticated session are read and queued before CBOR authentication rejects them:

// core/internal/transport/c2channel_http.go
case http.MethodPost:
    data, err := io.ReadAll(req.Body)
    if err == nil && len(data) > 0 {
        select {
        case stream.readCh <- data:
            w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
        ...
        }
    }

Authentication only happens later in the C2 dispatch layer:

// core/internal/cc/server/dispatcher.go
secureConn := transport.NewSecureConn(t)
...
n, err := secureConn.Read(authFrame)

PoC

1. Start the C2 server in a lab environment with the HTTP polling transport exposed, for example with --http-port 12345.
2. Send an unauthenticated HTTP POST to the default polling path /api/v1/telemetry with a random sessionID cookie and the init=1 cookie value.
3. Send a second unauthenticated HTTP POST to /api/v1/telemetry using the same sessionID, with a request body containing repeated A bytes.
4. Observe that both unauthenticated requests return HTTP 200.
5. Observe the C2 server log showing attacker-controlled bytes reaching the encrypted C2 frame parser, for example: read: invalid encrypted chunk length: 1094795585.
6. 1094795585 is 0x41414141, which corresponds to AAAA, confirming unauthenticated request body data reached cborProtocolDispatch before CBOR MsgAuth authentication.
7. Repeat the request sequence concurrently to increase server resource usage and log volume.

Impact

• Remote unauthenticated attackers can create arbitrary HTTP polling sessions.
• Attacker-controlled request bodies reach pre-auth C2 dispatch handling.
• Repeated requests can consume server memory, goroutines, request handling capacity, and log volume.
• C2 service availability and operator reliability may be degraded under sustained traffic.

Remediation

• Require authentication before creating long-lived HTTP polling sessions.
• Do not forward request bodies into the C2 stream before validation.
• Add strict request body limits.

emp3r0r is a C2 designed by Linux users for Linux environments. Prior to version 4.2.5, the http_poll C2 transport accepts attacker-controlled HTTP polling sessions before CBOR MsgAuth authentication is completed. A remote unauthenticated attacker can create arbitrary polling sessions and send request bodies that are forwarded into the C2 dispatch path. This can consume server resources and trigger pre-auth C2 processing. Version 4.2.5 patches the issue.

emp3r0r is a C2 designed by Linux users for Linux environments. Prior to version 4.2.5, the http_poll C2 transport accepts attacker-controlled HTTP polling sessions before CBOR MsgAuth authentication is completed. A remote unauthenticated attacker can create arbitrary polling sessions and send request bodies that are forwarded into the C2 dispatch path. This can consume server resources and trigger pre-auth C2 processing. Version 4.2.5 patches the issue.

Summary

The http_poll C2 transport accepts attacker-controlled HTTP polling sessions before CBOR MsgAuth authentication is completed. A remote unauthenticated attacker can create arbitrary polling sessions and send request bodies that are forwarded into the C2 dispatch path. This can consume server resources and trigger pre-auth C2 processing.

Details

The plain HTTP C2 server starts the HTTP polling listener and forwards requests into HandleHTTPServerSession:

// core/internal/cc/server/c2_http_server.go
mux.HandleFunc(c2Path, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
    stream, err := transport.HandleHTTPServerSession(w, req, &live.RuntimeConfig.MalleableC2)
    ...
    if stream != nil {
        go cborStreamAccept(transport.NewStreamTransport(stream, req.RemoteAddr))
    }
})

The HTTP polling handler accepts an attacker-supplied sessionID and init=1 cookie, then creates and stores a server-side stream before authentication:

// core/internal/transport/c2channel_http.go
if isInit {
    stream = newHTTPServerStream(sessionID)
    w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
    return stream, nil
}

POST bodies for that unauthenticated session are read and queued before CBOR authentication rejects them:

// core/internal/transport/c2channel_http.go
case http.MethodPost:
    data, err := io.ReadAll(req.Body)
    if err == nil && len(data) > 0 {
        select {
        case stream.readCh <- data:
            w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
        ...
        }
    }

Authentication only happens later in the C2 dispatch layer:

// core/internal/cc/server/dispatcher.go
secureConn := transport.NewSecureConn(t)
...
n, err := secureConn.Read(authFrame)

PoC

1. Start the C2 server in a lab environment with the HTTP polling transport exposed, for example with --http-port 12345.
2. Send an unauthenticated HTTP POST to the default polling path /api/v1/telemetry with a random sessionID cookie and the init=1 cookie value.
3. Send a second unauthenticated HTTP POST to /api/v1/telemetry using the same sessionID, with a request body containing repeated A bytes.
4. Observe that both unauthenticated requests return HTTP 200.
5. Observe the C2 server log showing attacker-controlled bytes reaching the encrypted C2 frame parser, for example: read: invalid encrypted chunk length: 1094795585.
6. 1094795585 is 0x41414141, which corresponds to AAAA, confirming unauthenticated request body data reached cborProtocolDispatch before CBOR MsgAuth authentication.
7. Repeat the request sequence concurrently to increase server resource usage and log volume.

Impact

• Remote unauthenticated attackers can create arbitrary HTTP polling sessions.
• Attacker-controlled request bodies reach pre-auth C2 dispatch handling.
• Repeated requests can consume server memory, goroutines, request handling capacity, and log volume.
• C2 service availability and operator reliability may be degraded under sustained traffic.

Remediation

• Require authentication before creating long-lived HTTP polling sessions.
• Do not forward request bodies into the C2 stream before validation.
• Add strict request body limits.

emp3r0r has an unauthenticated HTTP Polling DoS in github.com/jm33-m0/emp3r0r/core