CVE-2026-63751

SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 contain a field-level permission bypass vulnerability in JSON Patch operations that allows authenticated users to read protected fields. Attackers can use UPDATE PATCH with an empty from pointer in copy or move operations to duplicate all record fields, including those restricted by field-level SELECT permissions, into attacker-chosen destination fields.

SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 contain a field-level permission bypass vulnerability in JSON Patch operations that allows authenticated users to read protected fields. Attackers can use UPDATE PATCH with an empty from pointer in copy or move operations to duplicate all record fields, including those restricted by field-level SELECT permissions, into attacker-chosen destination fields.

Duplicate Advisory

This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-fpxg-5xmv-922m. This link is maintained to preserve external references.

Original Description

SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 contain a field-level permission bypass vulnerability in JSON Patch operations that allows authenticated users to read protected fields. Attackers can use UPDATE PATCH with an empty from pointer in copy or move operations to duplicate all record fields, including those restricted by field-level SELECT permissions, into attacker-chosen destination fields.

SurrealDB lets callers modify records using JSON Patch operations via the UPDATE … PATCH statement (and SDK equivalents such as db.patch()). One of those operations is copy, which duplicates one field's value into another field of the same record. A PATCH with an empty from — for example, UPDATE thing:1 PATCH [{ op: 'copy', from: '', path: '/leak' }] — was treated as "copy the entire record" and duplicated every field, including fields the caller has no permission to read, into the destination field the caller chose. The permission filter that hides protected field values from the response only knew to hide the original protected field names, not the new destinations, so the protected values were returned to the caller intact under the new field name.

Impact

An authenticated user with permission to issue UPDATE … PATCH against a record could read the values of any field on that record, regardless of field-level PERMISSIONS FOR select restrictions. The leak is confidentiality-only, and bounded to the fields of the single record the caller targets per PATCH request — it does not expose other records on the same table or any data outside that record's scope.

Patches

A patch has been introduced that rejects an empty from pointer at parse time for both copy and move operations.

• Versions 3.1.0 and later are not affected by this issue.

Workarounds

Affected users who are unable to update should restrict UPDATE … PATCH to callers who already hold SELECT permission on every field of the target record — for them, the bug exposes nothing they can't already read. Otherwise, switch the mutation to an explicit SET or MERGE clause, which removes the attack surface since neither form accepts JSON Patch operations.

SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 contain a field-level permission bypass vulnerability in JSON Patch operations that allows authenticated users to read protected fields. Attackers can use UPDATE PATCH with an empty from pointer in copy or move operations to duplicate all record fields, including those restricted by field-level SELECT permissions, into attacker-chosen destination fields.

SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 contain a field-level permission bypass vulnerability in JSON Patch operations that allows authenticated users to read protected fields. Attackers can use UPDATE PATCH with an empty from pointer in copy or move operations to duplicate all record fields, including those restricted by field-level SELECT permissions, into attacker-chosen destination fields.

Duplicate Advisory

This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-fpxg-5xmv-922m. This link is maintained to preserve external references.

Original Description

SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 contain a field-level permission bypass vulnerability in JSON Patch operations that allows authenticated users to read protected fields. Attackers can use UPDATE PATCH with an empty from pointer in copy or move operations to duplicate all record fields, including those restricted by field-level SELECT permissions, into attacker-chosen destination fields.

SurrealDB lets callers modify records using JSON Patch operations via the UPDATE … PATCH statement (and SDK equivalents such as db.patch()). One of those operations is copy, which duplicates one field's value into another field of the same record. A PATCH with an empty from — for example, UPDATE thing:1 PATCH [{ op: 'copy', from: '', path: '/leak' }] — was treated as "copy the entire record" and duplicated every field, including fields the caller has no permission to read, into the destination field the caller chose. The permission filter that hides protected field values from the response only knew to hide the original protected field names, not the new destinations, so the protected values were returned to the caller intact under the new field name.

Impact

An authenticated user with permission to issue UPDATE … PATCH against a record could read the values of any field on that record, regardless of field-level PERMISSIONS FOR select restrictions. The leak is confidentiality-only, and bounded to the fields of the single record the caller targets per PATCH request — it does not expose other records on the same table or any data outside that record's scope.

Patches

A patch has been introduced that rejects an empty from pointer at parse time for both copy and move operations.

• Versions 3.1.0 and later are not affected by this issue.

Workarounds

Affected users who are unable to update should restrict UPDATE … PATCH to callers who already hold SELECT permission on every field of the target record — for them, the bug exposes nothing they can't already read. Otherwise, switch the mutation to an explicit SET or MERGE clause, which removes the attack surface since neither form accepts JSON Patch operations.