CVE-2026-68287

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drop_monitor: fix size calculations for 64-bit attributes net_dm_packet_report_fill() and net_dm_hw_packet_report_fill() use nla_put_u64_64bit() to append 64-bit attributes (NET_DM_ATTR_PC and NET_DM_ATTR_TIMESTAMP). On 32-bit architectures without CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS, nla_put_u64_64bit() may append a 4-byte NET_DM_ATTR_PAD attribute for 64-bit alignment. However, net_dm_packet_report_size() and net_dm_hw_packet_report_size() used nla_total_size(sizeof(u64)) instead of nla_total_size_64bit(sizeof(u64)), budgeting 12 bytes instead of up to 16 bytes. This under-estimation of SKB size can lead to an skb_over_panic() when __nla_reserve() or skb_put() is subsequently called. Fix this by using nla_total_size_64bit(sizeof(u64)) in both size calculations.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drop_monitor: fix size calculations for 64-bit attributes net_dm_packet_report_fill() and net_dm_hw_packet_report_fill() use nla_put_u64_64bit() to append 64-bit attributes (NET_DM_ATTR_PC and NET_DM_ATTR_TIMESTAMP). On 32-bit architectures without CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS, nla_put_u64_64bit() may append a 4-byte NET_DM_ATTR_PAD attribute for 64-bit alignment. However, net_dm_packet_report_size() and net_dm_hw_packet_report_size() used nla_total_size(sizeof(u64)) instead of nla_total_size_64bit(sizeof(u64)), budgeting 12 bytes instead of up to 16 bytes. This under-estimation of SKB size can lead to an skb_over_panic() when __nla_reserve() or skb_put() is subsequently called. Fix this by using nla_total_size_64bit(sizeof(u64)) in both size calculations.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drop_monitor: fix size calculations for 64-bit attributes

net_dm_packet_report_fill() and net_dm_hw_packet_report_fill() use nla_put_u64_64bit() to append 64-bit attributes (NET_DM_ATTR_PC and NET_DM_ATTR_TIMESTAMP).

On 32-bit architectures without CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS, nla_put_u64_64bit() may append a 4-byte NET_DM_ATTR_PAD attribute for 64-bit alignment.

However, net_dm_packet_report_size() and net_dm_hw_packet_report_size() used nla_total_size(sizeof(u64)) instead of nla_total_size_64bit(sizeof(u64)), budgeting 12 bytes instead of up to 16 bytes.

This under-estimation of SKB size can lead to an skb_over_panic() when __nla_reserve() or skb_put() is subsequently called.

Fix this by using nla_total_size_64bit(sizeof(u64)) in both size calculations.

• net/sched: serialize qdisc_rtab_list against concurrent get/put {CVE-2026-68138}
• netfilter: validate user input for expected length {CVE-2024-35896}
• drm/i915/gem: Fix NULL deref in I915_CONTEXT_PARAM_SSEU {CVE-2026-68243}
• fuse: re-lock request before returning from fuse_ref_folio() {CVE-2026-64266}
• libceph: prevent potential out-of-bounds reads in handle_auth_done() {CVE-2026-22984}
• drop_monitor: fix size calculations for 64-bit attributes {CVE-2026-68287}
• wifi: mt76: connac: fix possible NULL-pointer deref in mt76_connac_mcu_uni_bss_he_tlv() {CVE-2026-68309}
• sctp: don't free the ASCONF's own transport in DEL-IP processing {CVE-2026-64564}
• drm/i915: Return NULL on error in active_instance {CVE-2026-68248}

• mpls: Use in6_dev_rcu() and dev_net_rcu() in mpls_forward() and mpls_xmit().
• net: l3mdev: use skb_dst_dev_rcu() in l3mdev_l3_out()
• ipv4: start using dst_dev_rcu()
• tcp: use dst_dev_rcu() in tcp_fastopen_active_disable_ofo_check() {CVE-2025-68188}
• tcp_metrics: use dst_dev_net_rcu() {CVE-2025-40075}
• net: use dst_dev_rcu() in sk_setup_caps() {CVE-2025-40170}
• udp6: Fix race condition in udp6_sendmsg & connect
• ipv6: use RCU in ip6_output() {CVE-2025-40158}
• ipv6: use RCU in ip6_xmit() {CVE-2025-40135}
• ipv6: start using dst_dev_rcu()
• net: dst: introduce dst->dev_rcu
• neighbour: accept plain RCU readers in ___neigh_lookup_noref() {CVE-2025-40158}
• net: Add locking to protect skb->dev access in ip_output
• ipv6: adopt skb_dst_dev() and skb_dst_dev_net_rcu helpers
• ipv6: adopt dst_dev() helper
• ipv4: adopt dst_dev, skb_dst_dev and skb_dst_dev_net[_rcu]
• net: dst: add four helpers to annotate data-races around dst->dev
• tcp: convert to dev_net_rcu()
• tcp: fix potential race in tcp_v6_syn_recv_sock() {CVE-2026-43198}
• ndisc: ndisc_send_redirect() cleanup
• ndisc: ndisc_send_redirect() must use dev_get_by_index_rcu()
• ipv4: use RCU protection in ip_dst_mtu_maybe_forward()
• ipv6: icmp: convert to dev_net_rcu()
• ipv4: icmp: convert to dev_net_rcu()
• ipv4: use RCU protection in __ip_rt_update_pmtu() {CVE-2025-21766}
• ipv6: use RCU protection in ip6_default_advmss() {CVE-2025-21765}
• fix: ndisc: use RCU protection in ndisc_alloc_skb() {CVE-2025-21764}
• neighbour: use RCU protection in __neigh_notify() {CVE-2025-21763}
• openvswitch: use RCU protection in ovs_vport_cmd_fill_info() {CVE-2025-21761}
• ndisc: extend RCU protection in ndisc_send_skb() {CVE-2025-21760}
• ipv6: mcast: extend RCU protection in igmp6_send() {CVE-2025-21759}
• ipv6: mcast: add RCU protection to mld_newpack() {CVE-2025-21758}
• ipv4: use RCU protection in rt_is_expired()
• ipv4: use RCU protection in inet_select_addr()
• ipv4: add RCU protection to ip4_dst_hoplimit()
• flow_dissector: use RCU protection to fetch dev_net()
• net: add dev_net_rcu() helper
• net: treat possible_net_t net pointer as an RCU one and add read_pnet_rcu()
• Revert "net: add dst_dev_rcu() helper for safe dst->dev access"
• Revert "net: use dst_dev_rcu() in sk_setup_caps() {CVE-2025-40170}"
• xen/privcmd: fix double free via VMA splitting {CVE-2026-31787}
• netfilter: flowtable: fix NAT IPv6 offload mangling
• nvmet-tcp: fix out-of-bounds access when receiving multiple h2cdata PDUs {CVE-2026-23112}
• NFSv4: include MAY_WRITE in open permission mask for O_TRUNC {CVE-2026-64298}
• fuse: re-lock request before returning from fuse_ref_folio() {CVE-2026-64266}
• drop_monitor: fix size calculations for 64-bit attributes {CVE-2026-68287}
• sctp: don't free the ASCONF's own transport in DEL-IP processing {CVE-2026-64564}

• FIX: tls: Use __sk_dst_get() and dst_dev_rcu() in get_netdev_for_sock(). {CVE-2025-40149}
• mpls: Use in6_dev_rcu() and dev_net_rcu() in mpls_forward() and mpls_xmit().
• net: l3mdev: use skb_dst_dev_rcu() in l3mdev_l3_out()
• ipv4: start using dst_dev_rcu()
• tcp: use dst_dev_rcu() in tcp_fastopen_active_disable_ofo_check() {CVE-2025-68188}
• tcp_metrics: use dst_dev_net_rcu() {CVE-2025-40075}
• net: use dst_dev_rcu() in sk_setup_caps() {CVE-2025-40170}
• udp6: Fix race condition in udp6_sendmsg & connect
• ipv6: use RCU in ip6_output() {CVE-2025-40158}
• ipv6: use RCU in ip6_xmit() {CVE-2025-40135}
• ipv6: start using dst_dev_rcu()
• net: dst: introduce dst->dev_rcu
• neighbour: accept plain RCU readers in ___neigh_lookup_noref() {CVE-2025-40158}
• net: Add locking to protect skb->dev access in ip_output
• ipv6: adopt skb_dst_dev() and skb_dst_dev_net_rcu helpers
• ipv6: adopt dst_dev() helper
• ipv4: adopt dst_dev, skb_dst_dev and skb_dst_dev_net[_rcu]
• net: dst: add four helpers to annotate data-races around dst->dev
• tcp: convert to dev_net_rcu()
• tcp: fix potential race in tcp_v6_syn_recv_sock() {CVE-2026-43198}
• ndisc: ndisc_send_redirect() cleanup
• ndisc: ndisc_send_redirect() must use dev_get_by_index_rcu()
• ipv4: use RCU protection in ip_dst_mtu_maybe_forward()
• ipv6: icmp: convert to dev_net_rcu()
• ipv4: icmp: convert to dev_net_rcu()
• ipv4: use RCU protection in __ip_rt_update_pmtu() {CVE-2025-21766}
• ipv6: use RCU protection in ip6_default_advmss() {CVE-2025-21765}
• fix: ndisc: use RCU protection in ndisc_alloc_skb() {CVE-2025-21764}
• neighbour: use RCU protection in __neigh_notify() {CVE-2025-21763}
• arp: use RCU protection in arp_xmit() {CVE-2025-21762}
• openvswitch: use RCU protection in ovs_vport_cmd_fill_info() {CVE-2025-21761}
• ndisc: extend RCU protection in ndisc_send_skb() {CVE-2025-21760}
• ipv6: mcast: extend RCU protection in igmp6_send() {CVE-2025-21759}
• ipv6: mcast: add RCU protection to mld_newpack() {CVE-2025-21758}
• ipv4: use RCU protection in rt_is_expired()
• ipv4: use RCU protection in inet_select_addr()
• ipv4: add RCU protection to ip4_dst_hoplimit()
• flow_dissector: use RCU protection to fetch dev_net()
• net: add dev_net_rcu() helper
• net: treat possible_net_t net pointer as an RCU one and add read_pnet_rcu()
• Revert "net: add dst_dev_rcu() helper for safe dst->dev access"
• Revert "net: use dst_dev_rcu() in sk_setup_caps() {CVE-2025-40170}"
• Revert "ipv6: use RCU for dst->dev access in ip6_xmit, ip6_output, ip6_finish_output2 {CVE-2025-40135} {CVE-2025-40158}"
• nvmet-tcp: propagate nvmet_tcp_build_pdu_iovec() errors to its callers {CVE-2026-23112}
• Buffer overflow in drivers/xen/sys-hypervisor.c {CVE-2026-31786}
• xen/privcmd: fix double free via VMA splitting {CVE-2026-31787}
• dlm: validate length in dlm_search_rsb_tree {CVE-2026-43125}
• nvmet-tcp: add bounds checks in nvmet_tcp_build_pdu_iovec {CVE-2026-23112}
• NFSv4: include MAY_WRITE in open permission mask for O_TRUNC {CVE-2026-64298}
• fuse: re-lock request before returning from fuse_ref_folio() {CVE-2026-64266}
• drop_monitor: fix size calculations for 64-bit attributes {CVE-2026-68287}
• sctp: don't free the ASCONF's own transport in DEL-IP processing {CVE-2026-64564}

• mac802154: llsec: reject frames shorter than the authentication tag {CVE-2026-68125}
• KVM: x86/mmu: Fix use-after-free on vendor module reload {CVE-2026-68428}
• wifi: mwifiex: fix NULL dereference when the AP has HT-cap but no HT-oper {CVE-2026-68197}
• bpf: account for current allocated stack depth in widen_imprecise_scalars() {CVE-2025-68208}
• tun: free page on build_skb failure in tun_xdp_one() {CVE-2026-46322}
• smb: client: fix potential cfid UAF in smb2_query_info_compound {CVE-2025-40320}
• net/packet: avoid fanout hook re-registration after unregister {CVE-2026-68338}
• wifi: cfg80211: cancel sched scan results work on unregister {CVE-2026-68414}
• binfmt_misc: set have_execfd only once the interpreter is opened {CVE-2026-68186}
• tracing: Fix resource leak on mmiotrace trace_pipe close {CVE-2026-68175}
• tipc: fix u16 MTU truncation in media and bearer MTU validation {CVE-2026-68297}
• net: gro: fix double aggregation of flush-marked skbs {CVE-2026-68136}
• bpf, sockmap: Reject unhashed UDP sockets on sockmap update {CVE-2026-68386}
• wifi: brcmfmac: fix 802.1X-SHA256 call trace warning {CVE-2026-68304}
• udf: fix partition descriptor append bookkeeping {CVE-2026-45991}
• Bluetooth: SCO: fix race conditions in sco_sock_connect() {CVE-2026-43023}
• smb: client: validate dacloffset before building DACL pointers {CVE-2026-46195}
• smb/client: fix out-of-bounds read in symlink_data() {CVE-2026-46185}
• net: rtnetlink: zero ifla_vf_broadcast to avoid stack infoleak in rtnl_fill_vfinfo {CVE-2026-46132}
• Bluetooth: hci_event: fix potential UAF in SSP passkey handlers {CVE-2026-46056}
• RDMA/uverbs: Validate wqe_size before using it in ib_uverbs_post_send {CVE-2026-45856}
• RDMA/mana: Validate rx_hash_key_len {CVE-2026-46145}
• scsi: qla2xxx: Completely fix fcport double free {CVE-2026-43414}
• bpf: Fix bpf_xdp_store_bytes proto for read-only arg {CVE-2026-45886}
• libceph: Fix slab-out-of-bounds access in auth message processing {CVE-2026-46119}
• wifi: mac80211: use safe list iteration in radar detect work {CVE-2026-46166}
• RDMA/rxe: Reject non-8-byte ATOMIC_WRITE payloads {CVE-2026-46114}
• nfsd: never defer requests during idmap lookup {CVE-2026-45983}
• drop_monitor: fix size calculations for 64-bit attributes {CVE-2026-68287}
• openvswitch: cap upcall PID array size and pre-size vport replies {CVE-2026-45840}
• procfs: fix missing RCU protection when reading real_parent in do_task_stat() {CVE-2026-46259}
• wifi: mwifiex: fix use-after-free in mwifiex_adapter_cleanup() {CVE-2026-46069}
• dm mirror: fix integer overflow in create_dirty_log() {CVE-2026-46023}
• netfilter: nft_inner: Fix IPv6 inner_thoff desync {CVE-2026-46244}
• drm/dp_mst: Handle torn-down topology gracefully in drm_dp_mst_topology_queue_probe() {CVE-2026-68429}
• crypto: authencesn - reject short ahash digests during instance creation {CVE-2026-46033}
• RDMA/rxe: Fix race condition in QP timer handlers {CVE-2026-45910}
• wifi: mac80211: remove station if connection prep fails {CVE-2026-46125}
• tcp: call sk_data_ready() after listener migration {CVE-2026-46015}
• scsi: lpfc: Avoid potential ndlp use-after-free in dev_loss_tmo_callbk {CVE-2025-38289}
• net/sched: act_ct: Only release RCU read lock after ct_ft {CVE-2026-46319}
• dm: fix a buffer overflow in ioctl processing {CVE-2026-46294}
• io-wq: check that the predecessor is hashed in io_wq_remove_pending() {CVE-2026-46274}
• wifi: mac80211: drop stray 'static' from fast-RX rx_result {CVE-2026-46152}
• io_uring/poll: fix signed comparison in io_poll_get_ownership() {CVE-2026-52933}
• xfrm: espintcp: do not reuse an in-progress partial send {CVE-2026-52935}
• Bluetooth: btusb: validate Realtek vendor event length {CVE-2026-68339}
• Bluetooth: RFCOMM: hold listener socket in rfcomm_connect_ind() {CVE-2026-53256}
• Bluetooth: RFCOMM: validate skb length in MCC handlers {CVE-2026-53254}
• netfilter: nft_exthdr: fix register tracking for F_PRESENT flag {CVE-2026-53218}
• ipc: limit next_id…

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• NVDIMM (Non-Volatile Memory Device) drivers;
• Handshake API;
• ARM32 architecture;
• ARM64 architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• OpenRISC architecture;
• PowerPC architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• x86 architecture;
• Block layer subsystem;
• Cryptographic API;
• Intel NPU Driver;
• Android drivers;
• Rados block device (RBD) driver;
• Bluetooth drivers;
• Hardware random number generator core;
• TPM device driver;
• CPU frequency scaling framework;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• DMA engine subsystem;
• FireWire subsystem;
• Arm Firmware Framework for ARMv8-A(FFA);
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• HID subsystem;
• Hardware monitoring drivers;
• CoreSight HW tracing drivers;
• I2C subsystem;
• IIO ADC drivers;
• IIO subsystem;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• Input Device core drivers;
• Input Device (Mouse) drivers;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• Multiple devices driver;
• Media drivers;
• Multifunction device drivers;
• Fastrpc Driver;
• Amazon Nitro Secure Module driver;
• MMC subsystem;
• MTD block device drivers;
• Ethernet bonding driver;
• Network drivers;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• Texas Instruments network drivers;
• NTB driver;
• NVME drivers;
• NVMEM (Non Volatile Memory) drivers;
• Parport drivers;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• x86 platform drivers;
• i.MX PM domains;
• System reset/shutdown drivers;
• PTP clock framework;
• Voltage and Current Regulator drivers;
• S/390 drivers;
• SCSI subsystem;
• SPI subsystem;
• Realtek RTL8723BS SDIO drivers;
• VME bus staging drivers;
• Thermal drivers;
• Thunderbolt and USB4 drivers;
• TTY drivers;
• DesignWare USB2 driver;
• USB Gadget drivers;
• USB Host Controller drivers;
• USB Dual Role (OTG-ready) Controller drivers;
• USB Serial drivers;
• USB Type-C Port Controller Manager driver;
• vDPA drivers;
• Virtio Host (VHOST) subsystem;
• Framebuffer layer;
• Watchdog drivers;
• 9P distributed file system;
• AFS file system;
• File systems infrastructure;
• BTRFS file system;
• Ceph distributed file system;
• EROFS file system;
• exFAT file system;
• F2FS file system;
• FUSE (File system in Userspace);
• Journaling layer for block devices (JBD2);
• Network file system (NFS) client;
• Network file system (NFS) server daemon;
• NTFS3 file system;
• OCFS2 file system;
• Proc file system;
• SMB network file system;
• Tracing file system;
• UDF file system;
• XFS file system;
• Key management;
• BPF subsystem;
• Control group (cgroup);
• Glob pattern matching library;
• MAC80211 subsystem;
• Mellanox drivers;
• Networking core;
• Network sockets;
• IPv6 networking;
• Bluetooth subsystem;
• Wireless networking;
• IPv4 networking;
• Netfilter;
• Network traffic control;
• SCTP protocol;
• TCP network protocol;
• XFRM subsystem;
• RDMA verbs API;
• io_uring subsystem;
• IPC subsystem;
• Audit subsystem;
• Kernel CPU control infrastructure;
• Perf events;
• Kernel exit() syscall;
• Kernel fork() syscall;
• Scheduler infrastructure;
• Signal handling mechanism;
• Timer subsystem;
• Tracing infrastructure;
• Resizable hashtable library;
• Memory management;
• 6LoWPAN network protocol;
• Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) subsystem;
• B.A.T.M.A.N. meshing protocol;
• Ethernet bridge;
• CAN network layer;
• Ceph Core library;
• Ethtool driver;
• HSR network protocol;
• IEEE802154.4 network protocol;
• IUCV driver;
• KCM (Kernel Connection Multiplexor) sockets driver;
• IEEE 802.15.4 subsystem;
• Multipath TCP;
• Open vSwitch;
• Packet sockets;
• Phonet protocol;
• Qualcomm IPC Router (QRTR);
• RDS protocol;
• RxRPC session sockets;
• SMC…

It was discovered that some AMD processors did not properly perform Reverse Map Table (RMP) checks when the IOMMU accessed certain host buffers. A local attacker with hypervisor access could possibly use this to trigger an out-of-bounds condition and compromise the integrity of SEV-SNP guest memory. (CVE-2023-20585)

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• ARM64 architecture;
• NVDIMM (Non-Volatile Memory Device) drivers;
• Handshake API;
• ARM32 architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• OpenRISC architecture;
• PowerPC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• x86 architecture;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• Intel NPU Driver;
• ACPI drivers;
• Android drivers;
• Serial ATA and Parallel ATA drivers;
• Drivers core;
• Rados block device (RBD) driver;
• Ublk userspace block driver;
• Bluetooth drivers;
• Cdrom driver;
• Character device driver;
• TPM device driver;
• Data acquisition framework and drivers;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• DAX dirext access to differentiated memory framework;
• DIBS (Direct Internal Buffer Sharing) drivers;
• Buffer Sharing and Synchronization framework;
• DMA engine subsystem;
• DPLL subsystem;
• EDAC drivers;
• FireWire subsystem;
• Arm Firmware Framework for ARMv8-A(FFA);
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• Intel Stratix 10 firmware drivers;
• FPGA Framework;
• GPIB drivers;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• HID subsystem;
• Microsoft Hyper-V drivers;
• Hardware monitoring drivers;
• CoreSight HW tracing drivers;
• Intel Trace Hub HW tracing drivers;
• I2C subsystem;
• I3C subsystem;
• IIO subsystem;
• IIO ADC drivers;
• IIO Magnetometer sensors drivers;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• Input Device (Miscellaneous) drivers;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• IRQ chip drivers;
• LED subsystem;
• Mailbox framework;
• Multiple devices driver;
• Media drivers;
• MemoryStick subsystem;
• Multifunction device drivers;
• Intel Management Engine Interface driver;
• Amazon Nitro Secure Module driver;
• MMC subsystem;
• MTD block device drivers;
• Network drivers;
• Ethernet bonding driver;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• Microsoft Azure Network Adapter (MANA) driver;
• Texas Instruments network drivers;
• MediaTek network drivers;
• NTB driver;
• NVME drivers;
• Device tree and open firmware driver;
• Operating Performance Points (OPP) driver;
• PCI subsystem;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• x86 platform drivers;
• i.MX PM domains;
• MediaTek PM domains;
• Power supply drivers;
• PTP clock framework;
• RapidIO drivers;
• Voltage and Current Regulator drivers;
• Remote Processor subsystem;
• MPAM driver;
• Reset controller framework;
• Real Time Clock drivers;
• S/390 drivers;
• SCSI subsystem;
• Xilinx SoC drivers;
• SoundWire subsystem;
• SPI subsystem;
• Media staging drivers;
• Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) driver;
• NVIDIA Tegra embedded controller (NVEC) staging driver;
• Realtek RTL8723BS SDIO drivers;
• TTY drivers;
• UFS subsystem;
• USB DSL drivers;
• USB core drivers;
• DesignWare USB3 driver;
• USB Gadget drivers;
• USB Host Controller drivers;
• USB Dual Role (OTG-ready) Controller drivers;
• USB Serial drivers;
• vDPA drivers;
• VFIO drivers;
• Virtio Host (VHOST) subsystem;
• Framebuffer layer;
• Virtio drivers;
• Watchdog drivers;
• Xen hypervisor drivers;
• 9P distributed file system;
• AFS file system;
• File systems infrastructure;
• BTRFS file system;
• Ceph distributed file system;
• Ext4 file system;
• F2FS file system;
• FUSE (File system in Userspace);
• Journaling layer for block devices (JBD2);
• Network file systems library;
• Network…

It was discovered that some AMD processors did not properly perform Reverse Map Table (RMP) checks when the IOMMU accessed certain host buffers. A local attacker with hypervisor access could possibly use this to trigger an out-of-bounds condition and compromise the integrity of SEV-SNP guest memory. (CVE-2023-20585)

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• ARM64 architecture;
• NVDIMM (Non-Volatile Memory Device) drivers;
• Handshake API;
• ARM32 architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• OpenRISC architecture;
• PowerPC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• x86 architecture;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• Intel NPU Driver;
• ACPI drivers;
• Android drivers;
• Serial ATA and Parallel ATA drivers;
• Drivers core;
• Rados block device (RBD) driver;
• Ublk userspace block driver;
• Bluetooth drivers;
• Cdrom driver;
• Character device driver;
• TPM device driver;
• Data acquisition framework and drivers;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• DAX dirext access to differentiated memory framework;
• DIBS (Direct Internal Buffer Sharing) drivers;
• Buffer Sharing and Synchronization framework;
• DMA engine subsystem;
• DPLL subsystem;
• EDAC drivers;
• FireWire subsystem;
• Arm Firmware Framework for ARMv8-A(FFA);
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• Intel Stratix 10 firmware drivers;
• FPGA Framework;
• GPIB drivers;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• HID subsystem;
• Microsoft Hyper-V drivers;
• Hardware monitoring drivers;
• CoreSight HW tracing drivers;
• Intel Trace Hub HW tracing drivers;
• I2C subsystem;
• I3C subsystem;
• IIO subsystem;
• IIO ADC drivers;
• IIO Magnetometer sensors drivers;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• Input Device (Miscellaneous) drivers;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• IRQ chip drivers;
• LED subsystem;
• Mailbox framework;
• Multiple devices driver;
• Media drivers;
• MemoryStick subsystem;
• Multifunction device drivers;
• Intel Management Engine Interface driver;
• Amazon Nitro Secure Module driver;
• MMC subsystem;
• MTD block device drivers;
• Network drivers;
• Ethernet bonding driver;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• Microsoft Azure Network Adapter (MANA) driver;
• Texas Instruments network drivers;
• MediaTek network drivers;
• NTB driver;
• NVME drivers;
• Device tree and open firmware driver;
• Operating Performance Points (OPP) driver;
• PCI subsystem;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• x86 platform drivers;
• i.MX PM domains;
• MediaTek PM domains;
• Power supply drivers;
• PTP clock framework;
• RapidIO drivers;
• Voltage and Current Regulator drivers;
• Remote Processor subsystem;
• MPAM driver;
• Reset controller framework;
• Real Time Clock drivers;
• S/390 drivers;
• SCSI subsystem;
• Xilinx SoC drivers;
• SoundWire subsystem;
• SPI subsystem;
• Media staging drivers;
• Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) driver;
• NVIDIA Tegra embedded controller (NVEC) staging driver;
• Realtek RTL8723BS SDIO drivers;
• TTY drivers;
• UFS subsystem;
• USB DSL drivers;
• USB core drivers;
• DesignWare USB3 driver;
• USB Gadget drivers;
• USB Host Controller drivers;
• USB Dual Role (OTG-ready) Controller drivers;
• USB Serial drivers;
• vDPA drivers;
• VFIO drivers;
• Virtio Host (VHOST) subsystem;
• Framebuffer layer;
• Virtio drivers;
• Watchdog drivers;
• Xen hypervisor drivers;
• 9P distributed file system;
• AFS file system;
• File systems infrastructure;
• BTRFS file system;
• Ceph distributed file system;
• Ext4 file system;
• F2FS file system;
• FUSE (File system in Userspace);
• Journaling layer for block devices (JBD2);
• Network file systems library;
• Network…

It was discovered that some AMD processors did not properly perform Reverse Map Table (RMP) checks when the IOMMU accessed certain host buffers. A local attacker with hypervisor access could possibly use this to trigger an out-of-bounds condition and compromise the integrity of SEV-SNP guest memory. (CVE-2023-20585)

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• ARM64 architecture;
• NVDIMM (Non-Volatile Memory Device) drivers;
• Handshake API;
• ARM32 architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• OpenRISC architecture;
• PowerPC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• x86 architecture;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• Intel NPU Driver;
• ACPI drivers;
• Android drivers;
• Serial ATA and Parallel ATA drivers;
• Drivers core;
• Rados block device (RBD) driver;
• Ublk userspace block driver;
• Bluetooth drivers;
• Cdrom driver;
• Character device driver;
• TPM device driver;
• Data acquisition framework and drivers;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• DAX dirext access to differentiated memory framework;
• DIBS (Direct Internal Buffer Sharing) drivers;
• Buffer Sharing and Synchronization framework;
• DMA engine subsystem;
• DPLL subsystem;
• EDAC drivers;
• FireWire subsystem;
• Arm Firmware Framework for ARMv8-A(FFA);
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• Intel Stratix 10 firmware drivers;
• FPGA Framework;
• GPIB drivers;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• HID subsystem;
• Microsoft Hyper-V drivers;
• Hardware monitoring drivers;
• CoreSight HW tracing drivers;
• Intel Trace Hub HW tracing drivers;
• I2C subsystem;
• I3C subsystem;
• IIO subsystem;
• IIO ADC drivers;
• IIO Magnetometer sensors drivers;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• Input Device (Miscellaneous) drivers;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• IRQ chip drivers;
• LED subsystem;
• Mailbox framework;
• Multiple devices driver;
• Media drivers;
• MemoryStick subsystem;
• Multifunction device drivers;
• Intel Management Engine Interface driver;
• Amazon Nitro Secure Module driver;
• MMC subsystem;
• MTD block device drivers;
• Network drivers;
• Ethernet bonding driver;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• Microsoft Azure Network Adapter (MANA) driver;
• Texas Instruments network drivers;
• MediaTek network drivers;
• NTB driver;
• NVME drivers;
• Device tree and open firmware driver;
• Operating Performance Points (OPP) driver;
• PCI subsystem;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• x86 platform drivers;
• i.MX PM domains;
• MediaTek PM domains;
• Power supply drivers;
• PTP clock framework;
• RapidIO drivers;
• Voltage and Current Regulator drivers;
• Remote Processor subsystem;
• MPAM driver;
• Reset controller framework;
• Real Time Clock drivers;
• S/390 drivers;
• SCSI subsystem;
• Xilinx SoC drivers;
• SoundWire subsystem;
• SPI subsystem;
• Media staging drivers;
• Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) driver;
• NVIDIA Tegra embedded controller (NVEC) staging driver;
• Realtek RTL8723BS SDIO drivers;
• TTY drivers;
• UFS subsystem;
• USB DSL drivers;
• USB core drivers;
• DesignWare USB3 driver;
• USB Gadget drivers;
• USB Host Controller drivers;
• USB Dual Role (OTG-ready) Controller drivers;
• USB Serial drivers;
• vDPA drivers;
• VFIO drivers;
• Virtio Host (VHOST) subsystem;
• Framebuffer layer;
• Virtio drivers;
• Watchdog drivers;
• Xen hypervisor drivers;
• 9P distributed file system;
• AFS file system;
• File systems infrastructure;
• BTRFS file system;
• Ceph distributed file system;
• Ext4 file system;
• F2FS file system;
• FUSE (File system in Userspace);
• Journaling layer for block devices (JBD2);
• Network file systems library;
• Network…

It was discovered that some AMD processors did not properly perform Reverse Map Table (RMP) checks when the IOMMU accessed certain host buffers. A local attacker with hypervisor access could possibly use this to trigger an out-of-bounds condition and compromise the integrity of SEV-SNP guest memory. (CVE-2023-20585)

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• ARM64 architecture;
• NVDIMM (Non-Volatile Memory Device) drivers;
• Handshake API;
• ARM32 architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• OpenRISC architecture;
• PowerPC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• x86 architecture;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• Intel NPU Driver;
• ACPI drivers;
• Android drivers;
• Serial ATA and Parallel ATA drivers;
• Drivers core;
• DRBD Distributed Replicated Block Device drivers;
• Rados block device (RBD) driver;
• Ublk userspace block driver;
• Bluetooth drivers;
• Cdrom driver;
• Character device driver;
• TPM device driver;
• Data acquisition framework and drivers;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• DAX dirext access to differentiated memory framework;
• DIBS (Direct Internal Buffer Sharing) drivers;
• Buffer Sharing and Synchronization framework;
• DMA engine subsystem;
• DPLL subsystem;
• EDAC drivers;
• FireWire subsystem;
• Arm Firmware Framework for ARMv8-A(FFA);
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• Intel Stratix 10 firmware drivers;
• FPGA Framework;
• GPIB drivers;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• HID subsystem;
• Microsoft Hyper-V drivers;
• Hardware monitoring drivers;
• CoreSight HW tracing drivers;
• Intel Trace Hub HW tracing drivers;
• I2C subsystem;
• I3C subsystem;
• IIO subsystem;
• IIO ADC drivers;
• IIO Magnetometer sensors drivers;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• Input Device (Miscellaneous) drivers;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• IRQ chip drivers;
• LED subsystem;
• Mailbox framework;
• Multiple devices driver;
• Media drivers;
• MemoryStick subsystem;
• Multifunction device drivers;
• Intel Management Engine Interface driver;
• Amazon Nitro Secure Module driver;
• MMC subsystem;
• MTD block device drivers;
• Network drivers;
• Ethernet bonding driver;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• Microsoft Azure Network Adapter (MANA) driver;
• Texas Instruments network drivers;
• MediaTek network drivers;
• NTB driver;
• NVME drivers;
• Device tree and open firmware driver;
• Operating Performance Points (OPP) driver;
• PCI subsystem;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• x86 platform drivers;
• i.MX PM domains;
• MediaTek PM domains;
• Power supply drivers;
• PTP clock framework;
• RapidIO drivers;
• Voltage and Current Regulator drivers;
• Remote Processor subsystem;
• MPAM driver;
• Reset controller framework;
• Real Time Clock drivers;
• S/390 drivers;
• SCSI subsystem;
• Xilinx SoC drivers;
• SoundWire subsystem;
• SPI subsystem;
• Media staging drivers;
• Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) driver;
• NVIDIA Tegra embedded controller (NVEC) staging driver;
• Realtek RTL8723BS SDIO drivers;
• TCM subsystem;
• TTY drivers;
• UFS subsystem;
• USB DSL drivers;
• USB core drivers;
• DesignWare USB3 driver;
• USB Gadget drivers;
• USB Host Controller drivers;
• USB Dual Role (OTG-ready) Controller drivers;
• USB Serial drivers;
• vDPA drivers;
• VFIO drivers;
• Virtio Host (VHOST) subsystem;
• Framebuffer layer;
• Virtio drivers;
• Watchdog drivers;
• Xen hypervisor drivers;
• 9P distributed file system;
• AFS file system;
• File systems infrastructure;
• BTRFS file system;
• Ceph distributed file system;
• Ext4 file system;
• F2FS file system;
• FUSE (File system in Userspace);
• Journaling layer…

It was discovered that some AMD processors did not properly perform Reverse Map Table (RMP) checks when the IOMMU accessed certain host buffers. A local attacker with hypervisor access could possibly use this to trigger an out-of-bounds condition and compromise the integrity of SEV-SNP guest memory. (CVE-2023-20585)

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• ARM64 architecture;
• NVDIMM (Non-Volatile Memory Device) drivers;
• Handshake API;
• ARM32 architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• OpenRISC architecture;
• PowerPC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• x86 architecture;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• Intel NPU Driver;
• ACPI drivers;
• Android drivers;
• Serial ATA and Parallel ATA drivers;
• Drivers core;
• DRBD Distributed Replicated Block Device drivers;
• Rados block device (RBD) driver;
• Ublk userspace block driver;
• Bluetooth drivers;
• Cdrom driver;
• Character device driver;
• TPM device driver;
• Data acquisition framework and drivers;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• DAX dirext access to differentiated memory framework;
• DIBS (Direct Internal Buffer Sharing) drivers;
• Buffer Sharing and Synchronization framework;
• DMA engine subsystem;
• DPLL subsystem;
• EDAC drivers;
• FireWire subsystem;
• Arm Firmware Framework for ARMv8-A(FFA);
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• Intel Stratix 10 firmware drivers;
• FPGA Framework;
• GPIB drivers;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• HID subsystem;
• Microsoft Hyper-V drivers;
• Hardware monitoring drivers;
• CoreSight HW tracing drivers;
• Intel Trace Hub HW tracing drivers;
• I2C subsystem;
• I3C subsystem;
• IIO subsystem;
• IIO ADC drivers;
• IIO Magnetometer sensors drivers;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• Input Device (Miscellaneous) drivers;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• IRQ chip drivers;
• LED subsystem;
• Mailbox framework;
• Multiple devices driver;
• Media drivers;
• MemoryStick subsystem;
• Multifunction device drivers;
• Intel Management Engine Interface driver;
• Amazon Nitro Secure Module driver;
• MMC subsystem;
• MTD block device drivers;
• Network drivers;
• Ethernet bonding driver;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• Microsoft Azure Network Adapter (MANA) driver;
• Texas Instruments network drivers;
• MediaTek network drivers;
• NTB driver;
• NVME drivers;
• Device tree and open firmware driver;
• Operating Performance Points (OPP) driver;
• PCI subsystem;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• x86 platform drivers;
• i.MX PM domains;
• MediaTek PM domains;
• Power supply drivers;
• PTP clock framework;
• RapidIO drivers;
• Voltage and Current Regulator drivers;
• Remote Processor subsystem;
• MPAM driver;
• Reset controller framework;
• Real Time Clock drivers;
• S/390 drivers;
• SCSI subsystem;
• Xilinx SoC drivers;
• SoundWire subsystem;
• SPI subsystem;
• Media staging drivers;
• Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) driver;
• NVIDIA Tegra embedded controller (NVEC) staging driver;
• Realtek RTL8723BS SDIO drivers;
• TCM subsystem;
• TTY drivers;
• UFS subsystem;
• USB DSL drivers;
• USB core drivers;
• DesignWare USB3 driver;
• USB Gadget drivers;
• USB Host Controller drivers;
• USB Dual Role (OTG-ready) Controller drivers;
• USB Serial drivers;
• vDPA drivers;
• VFIO drivers;
• Virtio Host (VHOST) subsystem;
• Framebuffer layer;
• Virtio drivers;
• Watchdog drivers;
• Xen hypervisor drivers;
• 9P distributed file system;
• AFS file system;
• File systems infrastructure;
• BTRFS file system;
• Ceph distributed file system;
• Ext4 file system;
• F2FS file system;
• FUSE (File system in Userspace);
• Journaling layer…

It was discovered that some AMD processors did not properly perform Reverse Map Table (RMP) checks when the IOMMU accessed certain host buffers. A local attacker with hypervisor access could possibly use this to trigger an out-of-bounds condition and compromise the integrity of SEV-SNP guest memory. (CVE-2023-20585)

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• ARM64 architecture;
• NVDIMM (Non-Volatile Memory Device) drivers;
• Handshake API;
• ARM32 architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• OpenRISC architecture;
• PowerPC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• x86 architecture;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• Intel NPU Driver;
• ACPI drivers;
• Android drivers;
• Serial ATA and Parallel ATA drivers;
• Drivers core;
• Rados block device (RBD) driver;
• Ublk userspace block driver;
• Bluetooth drivers;
• Cdrom driver;
• Character device driver;
• TPM device driver;
• Data acquisition framework and drivers;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• DAX dirext access to differentiated memory framework;
• DIBS (Direct Internal Buffer Sharing) drivers;
• Buffer Sharing and Synchronization framework;
• DMA engine subsystem;
• DPLL subsystem;
• EDAC drivers;
• FireWire subsystem;
• Arm Firmware Framework for ARMv8-A(FFA);
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• Intel Stratix 10 firmware drivers;
• FPGA Framework;
• GPIB drivers;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• HID subsystem;
• Microsoft Hyper-V drivers;
• Hardware monitoring drivers;
• CoreSight HW tracing drivers;
• Intel Trace Hub HW tracing drivers;
• I2C subsystem;
• I3C subsystem;
• IIO subsystem;
• IIO ADC drivers;
• IIO Magnetometer sensors drivers;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• Input Device (Miscellaneous) drivers;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• IRQ chip drivers;
• LED subsystem;
• Mailbox framework;
• Multiple devices driver;
• Media drivers;
• MemoryStick subsystem;
• Multifunction device drivers;
• Intel Management Engine Interface driver;
• Amazon Nitro Secure Module driver;
• MMC subsystem;
• MTD block device drivers;
• Network drivers;
• Ethernet bonding driver;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• Microsoft Azure Network Adapter (MANA) driver;
• Texas Instruments network drivers;
• MediaTek network drivers;
• NTB driver;
• NVME drivers;
• Device tree and open firmware driver;
• Operating Performance Points (OPP) driver;
• PCI subsystem;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• x86 platform drivers;
• i.MX PM domains;
• MediaTek PM domains;
• Power supply drivers;
• PTP clock framework;
• RapidIO drivers;
• Voltage and Current Regulator drivers;
• Remote Processor subsystem;
• MPAM driver;
• Reset controller framework;
• Real Time Clock drivers;
• S/390 drivers;
• SCSI subsystem;
• Xilinx SoC drivers;
• SoundWire subsystem;
• SPI subsystem;
• Media staging drivers;
• Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) driver;
• NVIDIA Tegra embedded controller (NVEC) staging driver;
• Realtek RTL8723BS SDIO drivers;
• TTY drivers;
• UFS subsystem;
• USB DSL drivers;
• USB core drivers;
• DesignWare USB3 driver;
• USB Gadget drivers;
• USB Host Controller drivers;
• USB Dual Role (OTG-ready) Controller drivers;
• USB Serial drivers;
• vDPA drivers;
• VFIO drivers;
• Virtio Host (VHOST) subsystem;
• Framebuffer layer;
• Virtio drivers;
• Watchdog drivers;
• Xen hypervisor drivers;
• 9P distributed file system;
• AFS file system;
• File systems infrastructure;
• BTRFS file system;
• Ceph distributed file system;
• Ext4 file system;
• F2FS file system;
• FUSE (File system in Userspace);
• Journaling layer for block devices (JBD2);
• Network file systems library;
• Network…

It was discovered that some AMD processors did not properly perform Reverse Map Table (RMP) checks when the IOMMU accessed certain host buffers. A local attacker with hypervisor access could possibly use this to trigger an out-of-bounds condition and compromise the integrity of SEV-SNP guest memory. (CVE-2023-20585)

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• ARM64 architecture;
• NVDIMM (Non-Volatile Memory Device) drivers;
• Handshake API;
• ARM32 architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• OpenRISC architecture;
• PowerPC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• x86 architecture;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• Intel NPU Driver;
• ACPI drivers;
• Android drivers;
• Serial ATA and Parallel ATA drivers;
• Drivers core;
• DRBD Distributed Replicated Block Device drivers;
• Rados block device (RBD) driver;
• Ublk userspace block driver;
• Bluetooth drivers;
• Cdrom driver;
• Character device driver;
• TPM device driver;
• Data acquisition framework and drivers;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• DAX dirext access to differentiated memory framework;
• DIBS (Direct Internal Buffer Sharing) drivers;
• Buffer Sharing and Synchronization framework;
• DMA engine subsystem;
• DPLL subsystem;
• EDAC drivers;
• FireWire subsystem;
• Arm Firmware Framework for ARMv8-A(FFA);
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• Intel Stratix 10 firmware drivers;
• FPGA Framework;
• GPIB drivers;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• HID subsystem;
• Microsoft Hyper-V drivers;
• Hardware monitoring drivers;
• CoreSight HW tracing drivers;
• Intel Trace Hub HW tracing drivers;
• I2C subsystem;
• I3C subsystem;
• IIO subsystem;
• IIO ADC drivers;
• IIO Magnetometer sensors drivers;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• Input Device (Miscellaneous) drivers;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• IRQ chip drivers;
• LED subsystem;
• Mailbox framework;
• Multiple devices driver;
• Media drivers;
• MemoryStick subsystem;
• Multifunction device drivers;
• Intel Management Engine Interface driver;
• Amazon Nitro Secure Module driver;
• MMC subsystem;
• MTD block device drivers;
• Network drivers;
• Ethernet bonding driver;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• Microsoft Azure Network Adapter (MANA) driver;
• Texas Instruments network drivers;
• MediaTek network drivers;
• NTB driver;
• NVME drivers;
• Device tree and open firmware driver;
• Operating Performance Points (OPP) driver;
• PCI subsystem;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• x86 platform drivers;
• i.MX PM domains;
• MediaTek PM domains;
• Power supply drivers;
• PTP clock framework;
• RapidIO drivers;
• Voltage and Current Regulator drivers;
• Remote Processor subsystem;
• MPAM driver;
• Reset controller framework;
• Real Time Clock drivers;
• S/390 drivers;
• SCSI subsystem;
• Xilinx SoC drivers;
• SoundWire subsystem;
• SPI subsystem;
• Media staging drivers;
• Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) driver;
• NVIDIA Tegra embedded controller (NVEC) staging driver;
• Realtek RTL8723BS SDIO drivers;
• TCM subsystem;
• TTY drivers;
• UFS subsystem;
• USB DSL drivers;
• USB core drivers;
• DesignWare USB3 driver;
• USB Gadget drivers;
• USB Host Controller drivers;
• USB Dual Role (OTG-ready) Controller drivers;
• USB Serial drivers;
• vDPA drivers;
• VFIO drivers;
• Virtio Host (VHOST) subsystem;
• Framebuffer layer;
• Virtio drivers;
• Watchdog drivers;
• Xen hypervisor drivers;
• 9P distributed file system;
• AFS file system;
• File systems infrastructure;
• BTRFS file system;
• Ceph distributed file system;
• Ext4 file system;
• F2FS file system;
• FUSE (File system in Userspace);
• Journaling layer…