CVE-2026-98523

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/client: fix restore of partially initialized client

I got a null-ptr-deref report when closing a DRM file descriptor:

WARNING: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_atomic.c:2031 at __drm_atomic_helper_set_config+0x18e/0x1b0 [drm]

Call Trace: drm_client_modeset_commit_atomic+0x16b/0x220 [drm] drm_client_modeset_commit_locked+0x56/0x160 [drm] drm_client_modeset_commit+0x21/0x40 [drm] __drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked.part.0+0x7b/0x80 drm_fbdev_client_restore+0xe/0x20 [drm_client_lib] drm_client_dev_restore+0x9f/0xc0 [drm] drm_release+0xc5/0xe0 [drm]

The warning is followed by a NULL pointer dereference:

BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000008

RIP: __drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked.part.0+0x41/0x80 [drm_kms_helper]

Call Trace: drm_fbdev_client_restore+0xe/0x20 [drm_client_lib] drm_client_dev_restore+0x9f/0xc0 [drm] drm_release+0xc5/0xe0 [drm] __fput+0xdc/0x2b0 __x64_sys_close+0x39/0x80 do_syscall_64+0x8d/0x460 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e

drm_client_register() adds the DRM client to the device client list before invoking the initial hotplug callback. If the hotplug callback fails, the client remains registered.

For the fbdev client, a failure during drm_fb_helper_initial_config() causes the partially initialized fbdev helper to be cleaned up. drm_fb_helper_fini() releases fb_helper->info and leaves it NULL.

The fbdev client therefore remains registered even though there is no fully initialized framebuffer device.

Later, when userspace closes the DRM file descriptor, drm_release() can invoke the restore callbacks of registered DRM clients:

drm_release() drm_client_dev_restore() drm_fbdev_client_restore() drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked()

drm_fbdev_client_restore() currently restores the fbdev state unconditionally. For a partially initialized fbdev client this can submit an incomplete modeset state and subsequently access fbdev state which has not been initialized, resulting in the warning and NULL pointer dereference above.

drm_fbdev_client_unregister() already uses fb_helper->info to distinguish a fully probed framebuffer device from a partially initialized client.

Use the same condition in drm_fbdev_client_restore() and skip restore if no framebuffer device has been successfully initialized.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/client: fix restore of partially initialized client

I got a null-ptr-deref report when closing a DRM file descriptor:

WARNING: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_atomic.c:2031 at __drm_atomic_helper_set_config+0x18e/0x1b0 [drm]

Call Trace: drm_client_modeset_commit_atomic+0x16b/0x220 [drm] drm_client_modeset_commit_locked+0x56/0x160 [drm] drm_client_modeset_commit+0x21/0x40 [drm] __drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked.part.0+0x7b/0x80 drm_fbdev_client_restore+0xe/0x20 [drm_client_lib] drm_client_dev_restore+0x9f/0xc0 [drm] drm_release+0xc5/0xe0 [drm]

The warning is followed by a NULL pointer dereference:

BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000008

RIP: __drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked.part.0+0x41/0x80 [drm_kms_helper]

Call Trace: drm_fbdev_client_restore+0xe/0x20 [drm_client_lib] drm_client_dev_restore+0x9f/0xc0 [drm] drm_release+0xc5/0xe0 [drm] __fput+0xdc/0x2b0 __x64_sys_close+0x39/0x80 do_syscall_64+0x8d/0x460 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e

drm_client_register() adds the DRM client to the device client list before invoking the initial hotplug callback. If the hotplug callback fails, the client remains registered.

For the fbdev client, a failure during drm_fb_helper_initial_config() causes the partially initialized fbdev helper to be cleaned up. drm_fb_helper_fini() releases fb_helper->info and leaves it NULL.

The fbdev client therefore remains registered even though there is no fully initialized framebuffer device.

Later, when userspace closes the DRM file descriptor, drm_release() can invoke the restore callbacks of registered DRM clients:

drm_release() drm_client_dev_restore() drm_fbdev_client_restore() drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked()

drm_fbdev_client_restore() currently restores the fbdev state unconditionally. For a partially initialized fbdev client this can submit an incomplete modeset state and subsequently access fbdev state which has not been initialized, resulting in the warning and NULL pointer dereference above.

drm_fbdev_client_unregister() already uses fb_helper->info to distinguish a fully probed framebuffer device from a partially initialized client.

Use the same condition in drm_fbdev_client_restore() and skip restore if no framebuffer device has been successfully initialized.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/client: fix restore of partially initialized client

I got a null-ptr-deref report when closing a DRM file descriptor:

WARNING: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_atomic.c:2031 at __drm_atomic_helper_set_config+0x18e/0x1b0 [drm]

Call Trace: drm_client_modeset_commit_atomic+0x16b/0x220 [drm] drm_client_modeset_commit_locked+0x56/0x160 [drm] drm_client_modeset_commit+0x21/0x40 [drm] __drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked.part.0+0x7b/0x80 drm_fbdev_client_restore+0xe/0x20 [drm_client_lib] drm_client_dev_restore+0x9f/0xc0 [drm] drm_release+0xc5/0xe0 [drm]

The warning is followed by a NULL pointer dereference:

BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000008

RIP: __drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked.part.0+0x41/0x80 [drm_kms_helper]

Call Trace: drm_fbdev_client_restore+0xe/0x20 [drm_client_lib] drm_client_dev_restore+0x9f/0xc0 [drm] drm_release+0xc5/0xe0 [drm] __fput+0xdc/0x2b0 __x64_sys_close+0x39/0x80 do_syscall_64+0x8d/0x460 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e

drm_client_register() adds the DRM client to the device client list before invoking the initial hotplug callback. If the hotplug callback fails, the client remains registered.

For the fbdev client, a failure during drm_fb_helper_initial_config() causes the partially initialized fbdev helper to be cleaned up. drm_fb_helper_fini() releases fb_helper->info and leaves it NULL.

The fbdev client therefore remains registered even though there is no fully initialized framebuffer device.

Later, when userspace closes the DRM file descriptor, drm_release() can invoke the restore callbacks of registered DRM clients:

drm_release() drm_client_dev_restore() drm_fbdev_client_restore() drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked()

drm_fbdev_client_restore() currently restores the fbdev state unconditionally. For a partially initialized fbdev client this can submit an incomplete modeset state and subsequently access fbdev state which has not been initialized, resulting in the warning and NULL pointer dereference above.

drm_fbdev_client_unregister() already uses fb_helper->info to distinguish a fully probed framebuffer device from a partially initialized client.

Use the same condition in drm_fbdev_client_restore() and skip restore if no framebuffer device has been successfully initialized.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/client: fix restore of partially initialized client

I got a null-ptr-deref report when closing a DRM file descriptor:

WARNING: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_atomic.c:2031 at __drm_atomic_helper_set_config+0x18e/0x1b0 [drm]

Call Trace: drm_client_modeset_commit_atomic+0x16b/0x220 [drm] drm_client_modeset_commit_locked+0x56/0x160 [drm] drm_client_modeset_commit+0x21/0x40 [drm] __drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked.part.0+0x7b/0x80 drm_fbdev_client_restore+0xe/0x20 [drm_client_lib] drm_client_dev_restore+0x9f/0xc0 [drm] drm_release+0xc5/0xe0 [drm]

The warning is followed by a NULL pointer dereference:

BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000008

RIP: __drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked.part.0+0x41/0x80 [drm_kms_helper]

Call Trace: drm_fbdev_client_restore+0xe/0x20 [drm_client_lib] drm_client_dev_restore+0x9f/0xc0 [drm] drm_release+0xc5/0xe0 [drm] __fput+0xdc/0x2b0 __x64_sys_close+0x39/0x80 do_syscall_64+0x8d/0x460 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e

drm_client_register() adds the DRM client to the device client list before invoking the initial hotplug callback. If the hotplug callback fails, the client remains registered.

For the fbdev client, a failure during drm_fb_helper_initial_config() causes the partially initialized fbdev helper to be cleaned up. drm_fb_helper_fini() releases fb_helper->info and leaves it NULL.

The fbdev client therefore remains registered even though there is no fully initialized framebuffer device.

Later, when userspace closes the DRM file descriptor, drm_release() can invoke the restore callbacks of registered DRM clients:

drm_release() drm_client_dev_restore() drm_fbdev_client_restore() drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked()

drm_fbdev_client_restore() currently restores the fbdev state unconditionally. For a partially initialized fbdev client this can submit an incomplete modeset state and subsequently access fbdev state which has not been initialized, resulting in the warning and NULL pointer dereference above.

drm_fbdev_client_unregister() already uses fb_helper->info to distinguish a fully probed framebuffer device from a partially initialized client.

Use the same condition in drm_fbdev_client_restore() and skip restore if no framebuffer device has been successfully initialized.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/client: fix restore of partially initialized client

I got a null-ptr-deref report when closing a DRM file descriptor:

WARNING: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_atomic.c:2031 at __drm_atomic_helper_set_config+0x18e/0x1b0 [drm]

Call Trace: drm_client_modeset_commit_atomic+0x16b/0x220 [drm] drm_client_modeset_commit_locked+0x56/0x160 [drm] drm_client_modeset_commit+0x21/0x40 [drm] __drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked.part.0+0x7b/0x80 drm_fbdev_client_restore+0xe/0x20 [drm_client_lib] drm_client_dev_restore+0x9f/0xc0 [drm] drm_release+0xc5/0xe0 [drm]

The warning is followed by a NULL pointer dereference:

BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000008

RIP: __drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked.part.0+0x41/0x80 [drm_kms_helper]

Call Trace: drm_fbdev_client_restore+0xe/0x20 [drm_client_lib] drm_client_dev_restore+0x9f/0xc0 [drm] drm_release+0xc5/0xe0 [drm] __fput+0xdc/0x2b0 __x64_sys_close+0x39/0x80 do_syscall_64+0x8d/0x460 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e

drm_client_register() adds the DRM client to the device client list before invoking the initial hotplug callback. If the hotplug callback fails, the client remains registered.

For the fbdev client, a failure during drm_fb_helper_initial_config() causes the partially initialized fbdev helper to be cleaned up. drm_fb_helper_fini() releases fb_helper->info and leaves it NULL.

The fbdev client therefore remains registered even though there is no fully initialized framebuffer device.

Later, when userspace closes the DRM file descriptor, drm_release() can invoke the restore callbacks of registered DRM clients:

drm_release() drm_client_dev_restore() drm_fbdev_client_restore() drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked()

drm_fbdev_client_restore() currently restores the fbdev state unconditionally. For a partially initialized fbdev client this can submit an incomplete modeset state and subsequently access fbdev state which has not been initialized, resulting in the warning and NULL pointer dereference above.

drm_fbdev_client_unregister() already uses fb_helper->info to distinguish a fully probed framebuffer device from a partially initialized client.

Use the same condition in drm_fbdev_client_restore() and skip restore if no framebuffer device has been successfully initialized.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/client: fix restore of partially initialized client I got a null-ptr-deref report when closing a DRM file descriptor: WARNING: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_atomic.c:2031 at __drm_atomic_helper_set_config+0x18e/0x1b0 [drm] Call Trace: drm_client_modeset_commit_atomic+0x16b/0x220 [drm] drm_client_modeset_commit_locked+0x56/0x160 [drm] drm_client_modeset_commit+0x21/0x40 [drm] __drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked.part.0+0x7b/0x80 drm_fbdev_client_restore+0xe/0x20 [drm_client_lib] drm_client_dev_restore+0x9f/0xc0 [drm] drm_release+0xc5/0xe0 [drm] The warning is followed by a NULL pointer dereference: BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000008 RIP: __drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked.part.0+0x41/0x80 [drm_kms_helper] Call Trace: drm_fbdev_client_restore+0xe/0x20 [drm_client_lib] drm_client_dev_restore+0x9f/0xc0 [drm] drm_release+0xc5/0xe0 [drm] __fput+0xdc/0x2b0 __x64_sys_close+0x39/0x80 do_syscall_64+0x8d/0x460 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e drm_client_register() adds the DRM client to the device client list before invoking the initial hotplug callback. If the hotplug callback fails, the client remains registered. For the fbdev client, a failure during drm_fb_helper_initial_config() causes the partially initialized fbdev helper to be cleaned up. drm_fb_helper_fini() releases fb_helper->info and leaves it NULL. The fbdev client therefore remains registered even though there is no fully initialized framebuffer device. Later, when userspace closes the DRM file descriptor, drm_release() can invoke the restore callbacks of registered DRM clients: drm_release() drm_client_dev_restore() drm_fbdev_client_restore() drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked() drm_fbdev_client_restore() currently restores the fbdev state unconditionally. For a partially initialized fbdev client this can submit an incomplete modeset state and subsequently access fbdev state which has not been initialized, resulting in the warning and NULL pointer dereference above. drm_fbdev_client_unregister() already uses fb_helper->info to distinguish a fully probed framebuffer device from a partially initialized client. Use the same condition in drm_fbdev_client_restore() and skip restore if no framebuffer device has been successfully initialized.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/client: fix restore of partially initialized client I got a null-ptr-deref report when closing a DRM file descriptor: WARNING: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_atomic.c:2031 at __drm_atomic_helper_set_config+0x18e/0x1b0 [drm] Call Trace: drm_client_modeset_commit_atomic+0x16b/0x220 [drm] drm_client_modeset_commit_locked+0x56/0x160 [drm] drm_client_modeset_commit+0x21/0x40 [drm] __drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked.part.0+0x7b/0x80 drm_fbdev_client_restore+0xe/0x20 [drm_client_lib] drm_client_dev_restore+0x9f/0xc0 [drm] drm_release+0xc5/0xe0 [drm] The warning is followed by a NULL pointer dereference: BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000008 RIP: __drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked.part.0+0x41/0x80 [drm_kms_helper] Call Trace: drm_fbdev_client_restore+0xe/0x20 [drm_client_lib] drm_client_dev_restore+0x9f/0xc0 [drm] drm_release+0xc5/0xe0 [drm] __fput+0xdc/0x2b0 __x64_sys_close+0x39/0x80 do_syscall_64+0x8d/0x460 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e drm_client_register() adds the DRM client to the device client list before invoking the initial hotplug callback. If the hotplug callback fails, the client remains registered. For the fbdev client, a failure during drm_fb_helper_initial_config() causes the partially initialized fbdev helper to be cleaned up. drm_fb_helper_fini() releases fb_helper->info and leaves it NULL. The fbdev client therefore remains registered even though there is no fully initialized framebuffer device. Later, when userspace closes the DRM file descriptor, drm_release() can invoke the restore callbacks of registered DRM clients: drm_release() drm_client_dev_restore() drm_fbdev_client_restore() drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked() drm_fbdev_client_restore() currently restores the fbdev state unconditionally. For a partially initialized fbdev client this can submit an incomplete modeset state and subsequently access fbdev state which has not been initialized, resulting in the warning and NULL pointer dereference above. drm_fbdev_client_unregister() already uses fb_helper->info to distinguish a fully probed framebuffer device from a partially initialized client. Use the same condition in drm_fbdev_client_restore() and skip restore if no framebuffer device has been successfully initialized.

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• USB Gadget drivers;
• Memory management;
• Multiple devices driver;
• ARM64 architecture;
• EROFS file system;
• Networking core;
• eXpress Data Path;
• ARM32 architecture;
• M68K architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• OpenRISC architecture;
• PA-RISC architecture;
• PowerPC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• User-Mode Linux (UML);
• x86 architecture;
• Block layer subsystem;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• Intel NPU Driver;
• Speakup Console Speech Driver;
• ACPI drivers;
• Serial ATA and Parallel ATA drivers;
• Auxiliary display drivers;
• Drivers core;
• Micron PCIe SSD driver;
• Null block device driver;
• Ublk userspace block driver;
• Compressed RAM block device driver;
• Bluetooth drivers;
• Bus devices;
• AMD CDX bus driver;
• Hardware random number generator core;
• Character device driver;
• TPM device driver;
• Clock framework and drivers;
• Clocksource drivers;
• CPU frequency scaling framework;
• CPU idle management framework;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• DAX dirext access to differentiated memory framework;
• DIBS (Direct Internal Buffer Sharing) drivers;
• Buffer Sharing and Synchronization framework;
• DMA engine subsystem;
• EDAC drivers;
• FireWire subsystem;
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• ARM SCPI message protocol;
• Google firmware drivers;
• Qualcomm firmware drivers;
• FPGA Framework;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• HID subsystem;
• HSI subsystem;
• Microsoft Hyper-V drivers;
• Hardware monitoring drivers;
• CoreSight HW tracing drivers;
• I2C subsystem;
• I3C subsystem;
• IIO subsystem;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• Input Device core drivers;
• Input Device (Miscellaneous) drivers;
• Input Device (Mouse) drivers;
• On-Chip Interconnect management framework;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• Industry Pack bus drivers;
• IRQ chip drivers;
• Mailbox framework;
• Media drivers;
• MemoryStick subsystem;
• Multifunction device drivers;
• Analog Devices digital potentiometer driver;
• Broadcom VK accelerator driver;
• Fastrpc Driver;
• Amazon Nitro Secure Module driver;
• SGI GRU driver;
• MMC subsystem;
• MTD block device drivers;
• Network drivers;
• Ethernet bonding driver;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• Microsoft Azure Network Adapter (MANA) driver;
• STMicroelectronics network drivers;
• Texas Instruments network drivers;
• MediaTek network drivers;
• Near Field Communication (NFC) drivers;
• NTB driver;
• NVDIMM (Non-Volatile Memory Device) drivers;
• NVME drivers;
• Device tree and open firmware driver;
• Operating Performance Points (OPP) driver;
• PA-RISC drivers;
• PCI subsystem;
• Performance monitor drivers;
• PHY drivers;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• Chrome hardware platform drivers;
• Mellanox platform drivers;
• Microsoft Surface platform drivers;
• x86 platform drivers;
• MediaTek PM domains;
• Power sequencing drivers;
• Power supply drivers;
• Powercap sysfs driver;
• PTP clock framework;
• PWM drivers;
• RapidIO drivers;
• Voltage and Current Regulator drivers;
• Remote Processor subsystem;
• MPAM driver;
• RPMSG subsystem;
• Real Time Clock drivers;
• S/390 drivers;
• SCSI subsystem;
• ASPEED SoC drivers;
• Samsung SoC drivers;
• SPI subsystem;
• small TFT LCD display modules;
• Greybus lights staging drivers;
• Media staging drivers;
• Realtek RTL8723BS SDIO drivers;
• TCM subsystem;
• Trusted Execution Environment drivers;
• Thermal drivers;
• Thunderbolt and USB4 drivers;
• TTY drivers;
• UFS subsystem;
• Userspace I/O drivers;
• USB DSL drivers;
• Cypress C67X00 USB…

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• USB Gadget drivers;
• Memory management;
• Multiple devices driver;
• ARM64 architecture;
• EROFS file system;
• Networking core;
• eXpress Data Path;
• ARM32 architecture;
• M68K architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• OpenRISC architecture;
• PA-RISC architecture;
• PowerPC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• User-Mode Linux (UML);
• x86 architecture;
• Block layer subsystem;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• Intel NPU Driver;
• Speakup Console Speech Driver;
• ACPI drivers;
• Serial ATA and Parallel ATA drivers;
• Auxiliary display drivers;
• Drivers core;
• Micron PCIe SSD driver;
• Null block device driver;
• Ublk userspace block driver;
• Compressed RAM block device driver;
• Bluetooth drivers;
• Bus devices;
• AMD CDX bus driver;
• Hardware random number generator core;
• Character device driver;
• TPM device driver;
• Clock framework and drivers;
• Clocksource drivers;
• CPU frequency scaling framework;
• CPU idle management framework;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• DAX dirext access to differentiated memory framework;
• DIBS (Direct Internal Buffer Sharing) drivers;
• Buffer Sharing and Synchronization framework;
• DMA engine subsystem;
• EDAC drivers;
• FireWire subsystem;
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• ARM SCPI message protocol;
• Google firmware drivers;
• Qualcomm firmware drivers;
• FPGA Framework;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• HID subsystem;
• HSI subsystem;
• Microsoft Hyper-V drivers;
• Hardware monitoring drivers;
• CoreSight HW tracing drivers;
• I2C subsystem;
• I3C subsystem;
• IIO subsystem;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• Input Device core drivers;
• Input Device (Miscellaneous) drivers;
• Input Device (Mouse) drivers;
• On-Chip Interconnect management framework;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• Industry Pack bus drivers;
• IRQ chip drivers;
• Mailbox framework;
• Media drivers;
• MemoryStick subsystem;
• Multifunction device drivers;
• Analog Devices digital potentiometer driver;
• Broadcom VK accelerator driver;
• Fastrpc Driver;
• Amazon Nitro Secure Module driver;
• SGI GRU driver;
• MMC subsystem;
• MTD block device drivers;
• Network drivers;
• Ethernet bonding driver;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• Microsoft Azure Network Adapter (MANA) driver;
• STMicroelectronics network drivers;
• Texas Instruments network drivers;
• MediaTek network drivers;
• Near Field Communication (NFC) drivers;
• NTB driver;
• NVDIMM (Non-Volatile Memory Device) drivers;
• NVME drivers;
• Device tree and open firmware driver;
• Operating Performance Points (OPP) driver;
• PA-RISC drivers;
• PCI subsystem;
• Performance monitor drivers;
• PHY drivers;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• Chrome hardware platform drivers;
• Mellanox platform drivers;
• Microsoft Surface platform drivers;
• x86 platform drivers;
• MediaTek PM domains;
• Power sequencing drivers;
• Power supply drivers;
• Powercap sysfs driver;
• PTP clock framework;
• PWM drivers;
• RapidIO drivers;
• Voltage and Current Regulator drivers;
• Remote Processor subsystem;
• MPAM driver;
• RPMSG subsystem;
• Real Time Clock drivers;
• S/390 drivers;
• SCSI subsystem;
• ASPEED SoC drivers;
• Samsung SoC drivers;
• SPI subsystem;
• small TFT LCD display modules;
• Greybus lights staging drivers;
• Media staging drivers;
• Realtek RTL8723BS SDIO drivers;
• TCM subsystem;
• Trusted Execution Environment drivers;
• Thermal drivers;
• Thunderbolt and USB4 drivers;
• TTY drivers;
• UFS subsystem;
• Userspace I/O drivers;
• USB DSL drivers;
• Cypress C67X00 USB…