GHSA-224p-v68g-5g8f
GraphQL Armor Max-Depth Plugin Bypass via fragment caching
Summary
A query depth restriction using the max-depth can be bypassed if ignoreIntrospection is enabled (which is the default configuration) by naming your query/fragment __schema.
Details
In the countDepth function, we have the following code that calculates the depth of a used fragment:
} else if (node.kind == Kind.FRAGMENT_SPREAD) {
if (this.visitedFragments.has(node.name.value)) {
return this.visitedFragments.get(node.name.value) ?? 0;
} else {
this.visitedFragments.set(node.name.value, -1);
}
const fragment = this.context.getFragment(node.name.value);
if (fragment) {
let fragmentDepth;
if (this.config.flattenFragments) {
fragmentDepth = this.countDepth(fragment, parentDepth);
} else {
fragmentDepth = this.countDepth(fragment, parentDepth + 1);
}
depth = Math.max(depth, fragmentDepth);
if (this.visitedFragments.get(node.name.value) === -1) {
this.visitedFragments.set(node.name.value, fragmentDepth);
}
}
}
which will calculate the depth of the fragment used in the current node, store the value in this.visitedFragments and re-use it in the future to avoid re-calculating the depth for the same fragment.
The issue arises when the same fragment is used multiple times, at different depths. The current caching takes into account the depth of the first occurrence, which means if the fragment is re-used later in a higher depth, this cached value is not updated.
So, for example, sending the following query with a max depth of 6:
query {
books {
author {
...Test
}
}
books {
author {
books {
author {
...Test
}
}
}
}
}
fragment Test on Author {
books {
title
}
}
The first use of Test fragment does not exceed the defined limit, and this depth will be cached.
In the second use, the fragment is reused in a greater depth, but the countDepth function will still use the depth cached, without accounting for the increased depth.
PoC
Max depth: 6
query {
books {
author {
...Test
}
}
books {
author {
books {
author {
...Test
}
}
}
}
}
fragment Test on Author {
books {
title
}
}
Impact
This issue affects applications using the GraphQL Armor Depth Limit plugin.
Fix
This is fixed in PR#824. We now store only the additional depth contributed by the fragment and add it to the parent depth where the fragment is used (parentDepth).
Attack profile
How easy it is to exploit
- Attack vector
- Network
- Complexity
- Low
- Privileges needed
- None
- User interaction
- None
What an attacker can affect
- Confidentiality
- None
- Integrity
- None
- Availability
- Low
What each source reports
GitHub Advisories Score used 5.3
GraphQL Armor Max-Depth Plugin Bypass via fragment caching
Summary
A query depth restriction using the max-depth can be bypassed if ignoreIntrospection is enabled (which is the default configuration) by naming your query/fragment __schema.
Details
In the countDepth function, we have the following code that calculates the depth of a used fragment:
} else if (node.kind == Kind.FRAGMENT_SPREAD) {
if (this.visitedFragments.has(node.name.value)) {
return this.visitedFragments.get(node.name.value) ?? 0;
} else {
this.visitedFragments.set(node.name.value, -1);
}
const fragment = this.context.getFragment(node.name.value);
if (fragment) {
let fragmentDepth;
if (this.config.flattenFragments) {
fragmentDepth = this.countDepth(fragment, parentDepth);
} else {
fragmentDepth = this.countDepth(fragment, parentDepth + 1);
}
depth = Math.max(depth, fragmentDepth);
if (this.visitedFragments.get(node.name.value) === -1) {
this.visitedFragments.set(node.name.value, fragmentDepth);
}
}
}
which will calculate the depth of the fragment used in the current node, store the value in this.visitedFragments and re-use it in the future to avoid re-calculating the depth for the same fragment.
The issue arises when the same fragment is used multiple times, at different depths. The current caching takes into account the depth of the first occurrence, which means if the fragment is re-used later in a higher depth, this cached value is not updated.
So, for example, sending the following query with a max depth of 6:
query {
books {
author {
...Test
}
}
books {
author {
books {
author {
...Test
}
}
}
}
}
fragment Test on Author {
books {
title
}
}
The first use of Test fragment does not exceed the defined limit, and this depth will be cached.
In the second use, the fragment is reused in a greater depth, but the countDepth function will still use the depth cached, without accounting for the increased depth.
PoC
Max depth: 6
query {
books {
author {
...Test
}
}
books {
author {
books {
author {
...Test
}
}
}
}
}
fragment Test on Author {
books {
title
}
}
Impact
This issue affects applications using the GraphQL Armor Depth Limit plugin.
Fix
This is fixed in PR#824. We now store only the additional depth contributed by the fragment and add it to the parent depth where the fragment is used (parentDepth).
- Record
GHSA-224p-v68g-5g8f- CVSS 3.0
- 5.3 Medium
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L - Weakness
- CWE-400
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSV 5.3
GraphQL Armor Max-Depth Plugin Bypass via fragment caching
Summary
A query depth restriction using the max-depth can be bypassed if ignoreIntrospection is enabled (which is the default configuration) by naming your query/fragment __schema.
Details
In the countDepth function, we have the following code that calculates the depth of a used fragment:
} else if (node.kind == Kind.FRAGMENT_SPREAD) {
if (this.visitedFragments.has(node.name.value)) {
return this.visitedFragments.get(node.name.value) ?? 0;
} else {
this.visitedFragments.set(node.name.value, -1);
}
const fragment = this.context.getFragment(node.name.value);
if (fragment) {
let fragmentDepth;
if (this.config.flattenFragments) {
fragmentDepth = this.countDepth(fragment, parentDepth);
} else {
fragmentDepth = this.countDepth(fragment, parentDepth + 1);
}
depth = Math.max(depth, fragmentDepth);
if (this.visitedFragments.get(node.name.value) === -1) {
this.visitedFragments.set(node.name.value, fragmentDepth);
}
}
}
which will calculate the depth of the fragment used in the current node, store the value in this.visitedFragments and re-use it in the future to avoid re-calculating the depth for the same fragment.
The issue arises when the same fragment is used multiple times, at different depths. The current caching takes into account the depth of the first occurrence, which means if the fragment is re-used later in a higher depth, this cached value is not updated.
So, for example, sending the following query with a max depth of 6:
query {
books {
author {
...Test
}
}
books {
author {
books {
author {
...Test
}
}
}
}
}
fragment Test on Author {
books {
title
}
}
The first use of Test fragment does not exceed the defined limit, and this depth will be cached.
In the second use, the fragment is reused in a greater depth, but the countDepth function will still use the depth cached, without accounting for the increased depth.
PoC
Max depth: 6
query {
books {
author {
...Test
}
}
books {
author {
books {
author {
...Test
}
}
}
}
}
fragment Test on Author {
books {
title
}
}
Impact
This issue affects applications using the GraphQL Armor Depth Limit plugin.
Fix
This is fixed in PR#824. We now store only the additional depth contributed by the fragment and add it to the parent depth where the fragment is used (parentDepth).
- Record
GHSA-224p-v68g-5g8f- CVSS 3.0
- 5.3 Medium
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L - Weakness
- CWE-400
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
Affected packages
| Package | Affected | Fixed |
|---|---|---|
@escape.tech/graphql-armor-max-depthnpm | through 2.4.1 | 2.4.2 |
@escape.tech/graphql-armor-max-depthnpm | before 2.4.2 | 2.4.2 |
History
| Recorded | Changed | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| first indexed | GitHub Advisories, OSV |
Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.
In short
GHSA-224p-v68g-5g8f is a medium vulnerability (CVSS 5.3) in @escape.tech/graphql-armor-max-depth, published August 26, 2025. No source lists public exploit code. Fixed in @escape.tech/graphql-armor-max-depth 2.4.2.
References
github.com/Escape-Technologies/graphql-armor/security/advisories/GHSA-224p-v68g-5g8f
github.com/Escape-Technologies/graphql-armor/pull/824
github.com/Escape-Technologies/graphql-armor/commit/998986109f8c2313bd61325ddfe7f5dcd48f9232
github.com/advisories/GHSA-224p-v68g-5g8f
github.com/Escape-Technologies/graphql-armor