CVE-2012-0391

Apache Struts Remote Java Code Execution

9.8 CriticalIn KEVPublic exploitFix available

The ExceptionDelegator component in Apache Struts before 2.2.3.1 interprets parameter values as OGNL expressions during certain exception handling for mismatched data types of properties, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code via a crafted parameter.

Attack profile

How easy it is to exploit

Attack vector: Network
Complexity: Low
Privileges needed: None
User interaction: None

What an attacker can affect

Confidentiality: High
Integrity: High
Availability: High

Exploit likelihood

75.6%Down 5.5 points since Feb 4, 2022

What each source reports

NVD Score used 9.8

Record: CVE-2012-0391
CVSS 3.1: 9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CVSS 2.0: 9.3 HighAV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
Weakness: CWE-94
Updated: 2026-11-02

CVE List 9.8

Record: CVE-2012-0391
CVSS 3.1: 9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness: CWE-94
Updated: 2026-11-02

EUVDEUVD-2022-2464 9.8

Record: EUVD-2022-2464
CVSS 3.1: 9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated: 2026-11-02

GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-4wrr-9h5r-m92w 9.8

Apache Struts Remote Java Code Execution

The ExceptionDelegator component in Apache Struts before 2.2.3.1 interprets parameter values as OGNL expressions during certain exception handling for mismatched data types of properties, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code via a crafted parameter.

Record: GHSA-4wrr-9h5r-m92w
CVSS 3.1: 9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness: CWE-20, CWE-94
Updated: 2026-11-02

CISA KEV No score

Apache Struts 2 Improper Input Validation Vulnerability

The ExceptionDelegator component in Apache Struts 2 before 2.2.3.1 contains an improper input validation vulnerability that allows for remote code execution.

Record: CVE-2012-0391
Weakness: CWE-20
Updated: 2026-11-02

OSVGHSA-4wrr-9h5r-m92w 9.8

Apache Struts Remote Java Code Execution

Record: GHSA-4wrr-9h5r-m92w
CVSS 3.1: 9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness: CWE-20, CWE-94
Updated: 2026-11-02

Affected products

Affected packages

Affected packages
Package	Affected	Fixed
`org.apache.struts:struts2-core` Maven	before 2.2.3.1	2.2.3.1
`org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core` Maven	before 2.2.3.1	2.2.3.1
`org.apache.struts:struts2-core` Maven	before 2.2.3.1, plus listed versions 2.0.112.0.11.12.0.11.22.0.122.0.14 Show 11 moreShow less 2.0.52.0.62.0.82.0.92.1.22.1.62.1.82.1.8.12.2.12.2.1.12.2.3	2.2.3.1
`org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core` Maven	before 2.2.3.1, plus listed versions 2.2.12.2.1.12.2.3	2.2.3.1

Public exploits

Links only. Every CVE stores no exploit code.

Public exploits
Source	Link	Date
Exploit-DB	Apache Struts 2 < 2.3.1 - Multiple Vulnerabilities	2012-01-06
Metasploit	Apache Struts Remote Command Execution	2012-01-06
Exploit-DB	Apache Struts 2.2.1.1 - Remote Command Execution (Metasploit)	2012-06-05

History

History
Recorded	Changed	Sources
Nov 3, 2026	exploitation, exploits
Nov 2, 2026	first indexed	CVE List, EUVD, Exploit-DB, GitHub Advisories, CISA KEV, Metasploit, NVD, OSV

Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.

In short

CVE-2012-0391 is a critical vulnerability (CVSS 9.8) in Apache Struts, published January 8, 2012. CISA lists it as known to be exploited, since January 21, 2022. EUVD reports exploitation since January 21, 2022. Public exploit code exists. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 75.6%, the 99th percentile. Fixed in org.apache.struts:struts2-core 2.2.3.1.

References

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