CVE-2023-43645
Denial of service from circular relationship definitions in OpenFGA
OpenFGA is an authorization/permission engine built for developers and inspired by Google Zanzibar. OpenFGA is vulnerable to a denial of service attack when certain Check calls are executed against authorization models that contain circular relationship definitions. When the call is made, it's possible for the server to exhaust resources and die. Users are advised to upgrade to v1.3.2 and update any offending models. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability. Note that for models which contained cycles or a relation definition that has the relation itself in its evaluation path, checks and queries that require evaluation will no longer be evaluated on v1.3.2+ and will return errors instead. Users who do not have cyclic models are unaffected.
Attack profile
How easy it is to exploit
- Attack vector
- Network
- Complexity
- High
- Privileges needed
- None
- User interaction
- None
What an attacker can affect
- Confidentiality
- None
- Integrity
- None
- Availability
- High
Exploit likelihood
What each source reports
CVE List Score used
5.9
Denial of service from circular relationship definitions in OpenFGA
OpenFGA is an authorization/permission engine built for developers and inspired by Google Zanzibar. OpenFGA is vulnerable to a denial of service attack when certain Check calls are executed against authorization models that contain circular relationship definitions. When the call is made, it's possible for the server to exhaust resources and die. Users are advised to upgrade to v1.3.2 and update any offending models. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability. Note that for models which contained cycles or a relation definition that has the relation itself in its evaluation path, checks and queries that require evaluation will no longer be evaluated on v1.3.2+ and will return errors instead. Users who do not have cyclic models are unaffected.
- Record
CVE-2023-43645- CVSS 3.1
- 5.9 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-835
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2023-2394
5.9
OpenFGA is an authorization/permission engine built for developers and inspired by Google Zanzibar. OpenFGA is vulnerable to a denial of service attack when certain Check calls are executed against authorization models that contain circular relationship definitions. When the call is made, it's possible for the server to exhaust resources and die. Users are advised to upgrade to v1.3.2 and update any offending models. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability. Note that for models which contained cycles or a relation definition that has the relation itself in its evaluation path, checks and queries that require evaluation will no longer be evaluated on v1.3.2+ and will return errors instead. Users who do not have cyclic models are unaffected.
- Record
EUVD-2023-2394- CVSS 3.1
- 5.9 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H - Updated
- 2026-11-03
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-2hm9-h873-pgqh
5.9
OpenFGA Vulnerable to DoS from circular relationship definitions
Overview
OpenFGA is vulnerable to a DoS attack when certain Check calls are executed against authorization models that contain circular relationship definitions. When the call is made, it's possible for the server to exhaust resources and die.
Am I Affected?
Yes, if your store contains an authorization model that allows circular relationships. For example, with this model:
model
schema 1.1
type user
type group
relations
define memberA: [user] or memberB or memberC or memberD or memberE
define memberB: [user] or memberA or memberC or memberD or memberE
define memberC: [user] or memberA or memberB or memberD or memberE
define memberD: [user] or memberA or memberB or memberC or memberE
define memberE: [user] or memberA or memberB or memberC or memberD
This Check: (user:anne, memberA, group:X) can exhaust memory in the server.
Fix
Upgrade to v1.3.2 and update any offending models.
[BREAKING] If your model contained cycles or a relation definition that has the relation itself in its evaluation path, then Checks and queries that require evaluation will no longer be evaluated on v1.3.2+ and will return errors instead. You will need to update your models to remove the cycles.
- Record
GHSA-2hm9-h873-pgqh- CVSS 3.1
- 5.9 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-835
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
NVD
5.9
OpenFGA is an authorization/permission engine built for developers and inspired by Google Zanzibar. OpenFGA is vulnerable to a denial of service attack when certain Check calls are executed against authorization models that contain circular relationship definitions. When the call is made, it's possible for the server to exhaust resources and die. Users are advised to upgrade to v1.3.2 and update any offending models. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability. Note that for models which contained cycles or a relation definition that has the relation itself in its evaluation path, checks and queries that require evaluation will no longer be evaluated on v1.3.2+ and will return errors instead. Users who do not have cyclic models are unaffected.
- Record
CVE-2023-43645- CVSS 3.1
- 5.9 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-835
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSV
5.9
Denial of service from circular relationship definitions in OpenFGA
OpenFGA is an authorization/permission engine built for developers and inspired by Google Zanzibar. OpenFGA is vulnerable to a denial of service attack when certain Check calls are executed against authorization models that contain circular relationship definitions. When the call is made, it's possible for the server to exhaust resources and die. Users are advised to upgrade to v1.3.2 and update any offending models. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability. Note that for models which contained cycles or a relation definition that has the relation itself in its evaluation path, checks and queries that require evaluation will no longer be evaluated on v1.3.2+ and will return errors instead. Users who do not have cyclic models are unaffected.
- Record
CVE-2023-43645- CVSS 3.1
- 5.9 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-835
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVGHSA-2hm9-h873-pgqh
5.9
OpenFGA Vulnerable to DoS from circular relationship definitions
Overview
OpenFGA is vulnerable to a DoS attack when certain Check calls are executed against authorization models that contain circular relationship definitions. When the call is made, it's possible for the server to exhaust resources and die.
Am I Affected?
Yes, if your store contains an authorization model that allows circular relationships. For example, with this model:
model
schema 1.1
type user
type group
relations
define memberA: [user] or memberB or memberC or memberD or memberE
define memberB: [user] or memberA or memberC or memberD or memberE
define memberC: [user] or memberA or memberB or memberD or memberE
define memberD: [user] or memberA or memberB or memberC or memberE
define memberE: [user] or memberA or memberB or memberC or memberD
This Check: (user:anne, memberA, group:X) can exhaust memory in the server.
Fix
Upgrade to v1.3.2 and update any offending models.
[BREAKING] If your model contained cycles or a relation definition that has the relation itself in its evaluation path, then Checks and queries that require evaluation will no longer be evaluated on v1.3.2+ and will return errors instead. You will need to update your models to remove the cycles.
- Record
GHSA-2hm9-h873-pgqh- CVSS 3.1
- 5.9 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-835
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVGO-2023-2084 No score
OpenFGA Vulnerable to DoS from circular relationship definitions in github.com/openfga/openfga
OpenFGA Vulnerable to DoS from circular relationship definitions in github.com/openfga/openfga
- Record
GO-2023-2084- Updated
- 2026-11-02
Affected products
Affected packages
| Package | Affected | Fixed |
|---|---|---|
github.com/openfga/openfgaGo |
before 1.3.2 | 1.3.2 |
History
| Recorded | Changed | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| aliases, published | EUVD | |
| first indexed | CVE List, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV |
Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.
In short
CVE-2023-43645 is a medium vulnerability (CVSS 5.9) in Openfga, published September 26, 2023. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.94%, the 61st percentile. Fixed in github.com/openfga/openfga 1.3.2.
References
github.com/openfga/openfga/security/advisories/GHSA-2hm9-h873-pgqh
github.com/openfga/openfga/commit/725296025fd81227c89525808652c6acd4a605f6
nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-43645
github.com/advisories/GHSA-2hm9-h873-pgqh
github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2023/43xxx/CVE-2023-43645.json
github.com/openfga/openfga