CVE-2025-46712
Erlang/OTP SSH Has Strict KEX Violations
Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. In versions prior to OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25), Erlang/OTP SSH fails to enforce strict KEX handshake hardening measures by allowing optional messages to be exchanged. This allows a Man-in-the-Middle attacker to inject these messages in a connection during the handshake. This issue has been patched in versions OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25).
Attack profile
How easy it is to exploit
- Attack vector
- Network
- Complexity
- High
- Privileges needed
- None
- User interaction
- None
What an attacker can affect
- Confidentiality
- None
- Integrity
- Low
- Availability
- None
Exploit likelihood
What each source reports
CVE List Score used
Erlang/OTP SSH Has Strict KEX Violations
Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. In versions prior to OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25), Erlang/OTP SSH fails to enforce strict KEX handshake hardening measures by allowing optional messages to be exchanged. This allows a Man-in-the-Middle attacker to inject these messages in a connection during the handshake. This issue has been patched in versions OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25).
- Record
CVE-2025-46712- CVSS 3.1
- 3.7 Low
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N - Weakness
- CWE-440
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2025-14034
Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. In versions prior to OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25), Erlang/OTP SSH fails to enforce strict KEX handshake hardening measures by allowing optional messages to be exchanged. This allows a Man-in-the-Middle attacker to inject these messages in a connection during the handshake. This issue has been patched in versions OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25).
- Record
EUVD-2025-14034- CVSS 3.1
- 3.7 Low
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N - Updated
- 2026-11-02
NVD
Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. In versions prior to OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25), Erlang/OTP SSH fails to enforce strict KEX handshake hardening measures by allowing optional messages to be exchanged. This allows a Man-in-the-Middle attacker to inject these messages in a connection during the handshake. This issue has been patched in versions OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25).
- Record
CVE-2025-46712- CVSS 3.1
- 3.7 Low
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N - Weakness
- CWE-440
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVALPINE-CVE-2025-46712
Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. In versions prior to OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25), Erlang/OTP SSH fails to enforce strict KEX handshake hardening measures by allowing optional messages to be exchanged. This allows a Man-in-the-Middle attacker to inject these messages in a connection during the handshake. This issue has been patched in versions OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25).
- Record
ALPINE-CVE-2025-46712- CVSS 3.1
- 3.7 Low
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N - Updated
- 2026-11-03
OSV
Erlang/OTP SSH Has Strict KEX Violations
Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. In versions prior to OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25), Erlang/OTP SSH fails to enforce strict KEX handshake hardening measures by allowing optional messages to be exchanged. This allows a Man-in-the-Middle attacker to inject these messages in a connection during the handshake. This issue has been patched in versions OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25).
- Record
CVE-2025-46712- CVSS 3.1
- 3.7 Low
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N - Weakness
- CWE-440
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVDEBIAN-CVE-2025-46712
Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. In versions prior to OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25), Erlang/OTP SSH fails to enforce strict KEX handshake hardening measures by allowing optional messages to be exchanged. This allows a Man-in-the-Middle attacker to inject these messages in a connection during the handshake. This issue has been patched in versions OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25).
- Record
DEBIAN-CVE-2025-46712- CVSS 3.1
- 3.7 Low
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N - Updated
- 2026-11-02
Show 6 moreShow less
OSVOESA-2025-1552
erlang security update
Erlang is a general-purpose programming language and runtime environment. Erlang has built-in support for concurrency, distribution and fault tolerance. Erlang is used in several large telecommunication systems from Ericsson.
Security Fix(es):
Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. In versions prior to OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25), Erlang/OTP SSH fails to enforce strict KEX handshake hardening measures by allowing optional messages to be exchanged. This allows a Man-in-the-Middle attacker to inject these messages in a connection during the handshake. This issue has been patched in versions OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25).(CVE-2025-46712)
- Record
OESA-2025-1552- CVSS 3.1
- 3.7 Low
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N - Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVOESA-2025-1553
erlang security update
Erlang is a general-purpose programming language and runtime environment. Erlang has built-in support for concurrency, distribution and fault tolerance. Erlang is used in several large telecommunication systems from Ericsson.
Security Fix(es):
Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. In versions prior to OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25), Erlang/OTP SSH fails to enforce strict KEX handshake hardening measures by allowing optional messages to be exchanged. This allows a Man-in-the-Middle attacker to inject these messages in a connection during the handshake. This issue has been patched in versions OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25).(CVE-2025-46712)
- Record
OESA-2025-1553- CVSS 3.1
- 3.7 Low
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N - Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVUBUNTU-CVE-2025-46712
Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. In versions prior to OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25), Erlang/OTP SSH fails to enforce strict KEX handshake hardening measures by allowing optional messages to be exchanged. This allows a Man-in-the-Middle attacker to inject these messages in a connection during the handshake. This issue has been patched in versions OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25).
- Record
UBUNTU-CVE-2025-46712- CVSS 3.1
- 3.7 Low
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N - Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVAZL-61744 No score
CVE-2025-46712 affecting package erlang for versions less than 25.3.2.21-1
Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. In versions prior to OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25), Erlang/OTP SSH fails to enforce strict KEX handshake hardening measures by allowing optional messages to be exchanged. This allows a Man-in-the-Middle attacker to inject these messages in a connection during the handshake. This issue has been patched in versions OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25).
- Record
AZL-61744- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVAZL-61748 No score
CVE-2025-46712 affecting package erlang for versions less than 26.2.5.12-1
Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. In versions prior to OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25), Erlang/OTP SSH fails to enforce strict KEX handshake hardening measures by allowing optional messages to be exchanged. This allows a Man-in-the-Middle attacker to inject these messages in a connection during the handshake. This issue has been patched in versions OTP-27.3.4 (for OTP-27), OTP-26.2.5.12 (for OTP-26), and OTP-25.3.2.21 (for OTP-25).
- Record
AZL-61748- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVUSN-7656-1 No score
erlang vulnerabilities
It was discovered that Erlang OTP’s SSH module incorrectly enforced strict KEX handshake hardening measures. A remote attacker able to intercept communications could possibly use this issue to insert optional messages into connections during the handshake. (CVE-2025-46712)
It was discovered that Erlang OTP incorrectly handled ZIP archives. If a user or automated system were tricked into opening a specially crafted ZIP archive, a remote attacker could possibly use this issue to overwrite arbitrary files outside of the intended directory. (CVE-2025-4748)
- Record
USN-7656-1- Updated
- 2026-11-02
Affected products
Affected packages
| Package | Affected | Fixed |
|---|---|---|
erlangAlpine:v3.21 |
before 26.2.5.12-r0 | 26.2.5.12-r0 |
erlangAzure Linux:2 |
before 25.3.2.21-1 | 25.3.2.21-1 |
erlangAzure Linux:3 |
before 26.2.5.12-1 | 26.2.5.12-1 |
erlangDebian:12 |
before 1:25.2.3+dfsg-1+deb12u2, plus listed versions 1:25.2.3+dfsg-11:25.2.3+dfsg-1+deb12u1 |
1:25.2.3+dfsg-1+deb12u2 |
erlangDebian:13 |
before 1:27.3.4+dfsg-1 | 1:27.3.4+dfsg-1 |
erlangDebian:14 |
before 1:27.3.4+dfsg-1 | 1:27.3.4+dfsg-1 |
erlangopenEuler:24.03-LTS |
before 25.3.2.6-7.oe2403 | 25.3.2.6-7.oe2403 |
erlangopenEuler:24.03-LTS-SP1 |
before 25.3.2.6-7.oe2403sp1 | 25.3.2.6-7.oe2403sp1 |
erlangUbuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS |
All versions, plus listed versions 1:16.b.1-dfsg-4ubuntu11:16.b.2-dfsg-1ubuntu11:16.b.2-dfsg-2ubuntu11:16.b.3-dfsg-1ubuntu11:16.b.3-dfsg-1ubuntu2 Show 5 moreShow less1:16.b.3-dfsg-1ubuntu2.11:16.b.3-dfsg-1ubuntu2.21:16.b.3-dfsg-1ubuntu2.2+esm11:16.b.3-dfsg-1ubuntu2.2+esm21:16.b.3-dfsg-1ubuntu2.2+esm3 |
None known |
erlangUbuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS |
All versions, plus listed versions 1:18.0-dfsg-1ubuntu11:18.0-dfsg-1ubuntu21:18.2-dfsg-2ubuntu11:18.3-dfsg-1ubuntu11:18.3-dfsg-1ubuntu2 Show 6 moreShow less1:18.3-dfsg-1ubuntu31:18.3-dfsg-1ubuntu3.11:18.3-dfsg-1ubuntu3.1+esm11:18.3-dfsg-1ubuntu3.1+esm21:18.3-dfsg-1ubuntu3.1+esm31:18.3-dfsg-1ubuntu3.1+esm4 |
None known |
Show 5 moreShow less
| Package | Affected | Fixed |
|---|---|---|
erlangUbuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS |
All versions, plus listed versions 1:20.0.4+dfsg-1ubuntu11:20.1.2+dfsg-1ubuntu11:20.1.3+dfsg-1ubuntu11:20.1.4+dfsg-1ubuntu11:20.1.5+dfsg-1ubuntu1 Show 9 moreShow less1:20.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu11:20.1.7+dfsg-1ubuntu11:20.2.1+dfsg-1ubuntu11:20.2.2+dfsg-1ubuntu11:20.2.2+dfsg-1ubuntu21:20.2.2+dfsg-1ubuntu2+esm11:20.2.2+dfsg-1ubuntu2+esm21:20.2.2+dfsg-1ubuntu2+esm31:20.2.2+dfsg-1ubuntu2+esm4 |
None known |
erlangUbuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS |
All versions, plus listed versions 1:22.0.7+dfsg-1build11:22.2+dfsg-11:22.2.1+dfsg-11:22.2.2+dfsg-11:22.2.3+dfsg-1 Show 10 moreShow less1:22.2.3+dfsg-21:22.2.4+dfsg-11:22.2.7+dfsg-11:22.2.7+dfsg-1ubuntu0.21:22.2.7+dfsg-1ubuntu0.31:22.2.7+dfsg-1ubuntu0.41:22.2.7+dfsg-1ubuntu0.51:22.2.7+dfsg-1ubuntu0.5+esm11:22.2.7+dfsg-1ubuntu0.5+esm21:22.2.7+dfsg-1ubuntu0.5+esm3 |
None known |
erlangUbuntu:22.04:LTS |
before 1:24.2.1+dfsg-1ubuntu0.5, plus listed versions 1:23.2.6+dfsg-1build11:24.1.1+dfsg-11:24.1.4+dfsg-11:24.1.5+dfsg-11:24.1.5+dfsg-1ubuntu1 Show 6 moreShow less1:24.2+dfsg-11:24.2.1+dfsg-11:24.2.1+dfsg-1ubuntu0.11:24.2.1+dfsg-1ubuntu0.21:24.2.1+dfsg-1ubuntu0.31:24.2.1+dfsg-1ubuntu0.4 |
1:24.2.1+dfsg-1ubuntu0.5 |
erlangUbuntu:24.04:LTS |
before 1:25.3.2.8+dfsg-1ubuntu4.4, plus listed versions 1:25.2.3+dfsg-11:25.3.2.8+dfsg-11:25.3.2.8+dfsg-1ubuntu11:25.3.2.8+dfsg-1ubuntu31:25.3.2.8+dfsg-1ubuntu41:25.3.2.8+dfsg-1ubuntu4.11:25.3.2.8+dfsg-1ubuntu4.21:25.3.2.8+dfsg-1ubuntu4.3 |
1:25.3.2.8+dfsg-1ubuntu4.4 |
erlangUbuntu:25.10 |
before 1:27.3.4.1+dfsg-1, plus listed versions 1:27.3+dfsg-1ubuntu11:27.3+dfsg-1ubuntu1.1 |
1:27.3.4.1+dfsg-1 |
History
| Recorded | Changed | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| affected, aliases, references | OSV | |
| first indexed | CVE List, EUVD, NVD, OSV |
Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.
In short
CVE-2025-46712 is a low vulnerability (CVSS 3.7) in Erlang Otp, published May 8, 2025. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.54%, the 45th percentile. Fixed in erlang 26.2.5.12-r0.
References
github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-934x-xq38-hhqf
security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2025-46712
Show 9 moreShow less
nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46712
security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-46712
openeuler.org/zh/security/security-bulletins/detail?id=openEuler-SA-2025-1552
ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-46712
cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46712