CVE-2018-16471
Rack vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting
There is a possible XSS vulnerability in Rack before 2.0.6 and 1.6.11. Carefully crafted requests can impact the data returned by the scheme method on Rack::Request. Applications that expect the scheme to be limited to 'http' or 'https' and do not escape the return value could be vulnerable to an XSS attack. Note that applications using the normal escaping mechanisms provided by Rails may not impacted, but applications that bypass the escaping mechanisms, or do not use them may be vulnerable.
Attack profile
How easy it is to exploit
- Attack vector
- Network
- Complexity
- Low
- Privileges needed
- None
- User interaction
- Required
What an attacker can affect
- Confidentiality
- Low
- Integrity
- Low
- Availability
- None
Exploit likelihood
What each source reports
NVD Score used
6.1
There is a possible XSS vulnerability in Rack before 2.0.6 and 1.6.11. Carefully crafted requests can impact the data returned by the scheme method on Rack::Request. Applications that expect the scheme to be limited to 'http' or 'https' and do not escape the return value could be vulnerable to an XSS attack. Note that applications using the normal escaping mechanisms provided by Rails may not impacted, but applications that bypass the escaping mechanisms, or do not use them may be vulnerable.
- Record
CVE-2018-16471- CVSS 3.0
- 6.1 Medium
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N - CVSS 2.0
- 4.3 Medium
AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N - Weakness
- CWE-79
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
CVE List No score
There is a possible XSS vulnerability in Rack before 2.0.6 and 1.6.11. Carefully crafted requests can impact the data returned by the scheme method on Rack::Request. Applications that expect the scheme to be limited to 'http' or 'https' and do not escape the return value could be vulnerable to an XSS attack. Note that applications using the normal escaping mechanisms provided by Rails may not impacted, but applications that bypass the escaping mechanisms, or do not use them may be vulnerable.
- Record
CVE-2018-16471- Weakness
- CWE-79
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2018-0731 No score
There is a possible XSS vulnerability in Rack before 2.0.6 and 1.6.11. Carefully crafted requests can impact the data returned by the scheme method on Rack::Request. Applications that expect the scheme to be limited to 'http' or 'https' and do not escape the return value could be vulnerable to an XSS attack. Note that applications using the normal escaping mechanisms provided by Rails may not impacted, but applications that bypass the escaping mechanisms, or do not use them may be vulnerable.
- Record
EUVD-2018-0731- Updated
- 2026-11-03
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-5r2p-j47h-mhpg
6.1
Rack vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting
There is a possible XSS vulnerability in Rack before 2.0.6 and 1.6.11. Carefully crafted requests can impact the data returned by the scheme method on Rack::Request. Applications that expect the scheme to be limited to 'http' or 'https' and do not escape the return value could be vulnerable to an XSS attack. Note that applications using the normal escaping mechanisms provided by Rails may not impacted, but applications that bypass the escaping mechanisms, or do not use them may be vulnerable.
- Record
GHSA-5r2p-j47h-mhpg- CVSS 3.0
- 6.1 Medium
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N - Weakness
- CWE-79
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSV
6.1
There is a possible XSS vulnerability in Rack before 2.0.6 and 1.6.11. Carefully crafted requests can impact the data returned by the scheme method on Rack::Request. Applications that expect the scheme to be limited to 'http' or 'https' and do not escape the return value could be vulnerable to an XSS attack. Note that applications using the normal escaping mechanisms provided by Rails may not impacted, but applications that bypass the escaping mechanisms, or do not use them may be vulnerable.
- Record
CVE-2018-16471- CVSS 3.0
- 6.1 Medium
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N - Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVDEBIAN-CVE-2018-16471
6.1
There is a possible XSS vulnerability in Rack before 2.0.6 and 1.6.11. Carefully crafted requests can impact the data returned by the scheme method on Rack::Request. Applications that expect the scheme to be limited to 'http' or 'https' and do not escape the return value could be vulnerable to an XSS attack. Note that applications using the normal escaping mechanisms provided by Rails may not impacted, but applications that bypass the escaping mechanisms, or do not use them may be vulnerable.
- Record
DEBIAN-CVE-2018-16471- CVSS 3.0
- 6.1 Medium
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N - Updated
- 2026-11-02
Show 19 moreShow less
OSVGHSA-5r2p-j47h-mhpg
6.1
Rack vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting
There is a possible XSS vulnerability in Rack before 2.0.6 and 1.6.11. Carefully crafted requests can impact the data returned by the scheme method on Rack::Request. Applications that expect the scheme to be limited to 'http' or 'https' and do not escape the return value could be vulnerable to an XSS attack. Note that applications using the normal escaping mechanisms provided by Rails may not impacted, but applications that bypass the escaping mechanisms, or do not use them may be vulnerable.
- Record
GHSA-5r2p-j47h-mhpg- CVSS 3.0
- 6.1 Medium
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N - Weakness
- CWE-79
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVUBUNTU-CVE-2018-16471
6.1
There is a possible XSS vulnerability in Rack before 2.0.6 and 1.6.11. Carefully crafted requests can impact the data returned by the scheme method on Rack::Request. Applications that expect the scheme to be limited to 'http' or 'https' and do not escape the return value could be vulnerable to an XSS attack. Note that applications using the normal escaping mechanisms provided by Rails may not impacted, but applications that bypass the escaping mechanisms, or do not use them may be vulnerable.
- Record
UBUNTU-CVE-2018-16471- CVSS 3.0
- 6.1 Medium
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N - Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVMGASA-2018-0449 No score
Updated ruby-rack packages fix security vulnerability
There is a possible XSS vulnerability in Rack. Carefully crafted
requests can impact the data returned by the scheme method on
Rack::Request.Applications that expect the scheme to be limited to
"http" or "https" and do not escape the return value could be vulnerable
to an XSS attack (CVE-2018-16471).
- Record
MGASA-2018-0449- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVopenSUSE-SU-2020:0214-1 No score
Security update for rubygem-rack
This update for rubygem-rack to version 2.0.8 fixes the following issues:
- CVE-2018-16471: Fixed a cross-site scripting (XSS) flaw via the scheme method on Rack::Request (bsc#1116600).
- CVE-2019-16782: Fixed a possible information leak and session hijack vulnerability (bsc#1159548).
This update was imported from the SUSE:SLE-15:Update update project.
- Record
openSUSE-SU-2020:0214-1- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVopenSUSE-SU-2024:11344-1 No score
ruby2.7-rubygem-rack-2.2.3-1.7 on GA media
These are all security issues fixed in the ruby2.7-rubygem-rack-2.2.3-1.7 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.
- Record
openSUSE-SU-2024:11344-1- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVopenSUSE-SU-2024:11346-1 No score
ruby2.7-rubygem-rack-2.0-2.0.9-1.10 on GA media
These are all security issues fixed in the ruby2.7-rubygem-rack-2.0-2.0.9-1.10 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.
- Record
openSUSE-SU-2024:11346-1- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVopenSUSE-SU-2024:12119-1 No score
ruby3.1-rubygem-rack-2.2.3.1-1.1 on GA media
These are all security issues fixed in the ruby3.1-rubygem-rack-2.2.3.1-1.1 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.
- Record
openSUSE-SU-2024:12119-1- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVopenSUSE-SU-2024:12397-1 No score
ruby3.1-rubygem-rack-2.2-2.2.4-1.1 on GA media
These are all security issues fixed in the ruby3.1-rubygem-rack-2.2-2.2.4-1.1 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.
- Record
openSUSE-SU-2024:12397-1- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVopenSUSE-SU-2024:12974-1 No score
ruby3.2-rubygem-rack-2.2-2.2.7-1.1 on GA media
These are all security issues fixed in the ruby3.2-rubygem-rack-2.2-2.2.7-1.1 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.
- Record
openSUSE-SU-2024:12974-1- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVopenSUSE-SU-2024:13167-1 No score
ruby3.2-rubygem-rack-3.0.7-1.2 on GA media
These are all security issues fixed in the ruby3.2-rubygem-rack-3.0.7-1.2 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.
- Record
openSUSE-SU-2024:13167-1- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVopenSUSE-SU-2024:13726-1 No score
ruby3.3-rubygem-rack-3.0.9.1-1.1 on GA media
These are all security issues fixed in the ruby3.3-rubygem-rack-3.0.9.1-1.1 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.
- Record
openSUSE-SU-2024:13726-1- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVopenSUSE-SU-2024:13727-1 No score
ruby3.3-rubygem-rack-2.2-2.2.8.1-1.1 on GA media
These are all security issues fixed in the ruby3.3-rubygem-rack-2.2-2.2.8.1-1.1 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.
- Record
openSUSE-SU-2024:13727-1- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVopenSUSE-SU-2025:14811-1 No score
ruby3.4-rubygem-rack-2.2-2.2.11-1.1 on GA media
These are all security issues fixed in the ruby3.4-rubygem-rack-2.2-2.2.11-1.1 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.
- Record
openSUSE-SU-2025:14811-1- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVopenSUSE-SU-2025:14875-1 No score
ruby3.4-rubygem-rack-3.1.12-1.1 on GA media
These are all security issues fixed in the ruby3.4-rubygem-rack-3.1.12-1.1 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.
- Record
openSUSE-SU-2025:14875-1- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVopenSUSE-SU-2026:10286-1 No score
ruby4.0-rubygem-rack-2.2-2.2.22-1.1 on GA media
These are all security issues fixed in the ruby4.0-rubygem-rack-2.2-2.2.22-1.1 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.
- Record
openSUSE-SU-2026:10286-1- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVopenSUSE-SU-2026:10358-1 No score
ruby4.0-rubygem-rack-3.1.18-1.3 on GA media
These are all security issues fixed in the ruby4.0-rubygem-rack-3.1.18-1.3 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.
- Record
openSUSE-SU-2026:10358-1- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVSUSE-SU-2019:1440-1 No score
Security update for rubygem-rack
This update for rubygem-rack fixes the following issues:
Security issued fixed:
- CVE-2018-16471: Fixed a cross-site scripting vulnerability via 'scheme' method (bsc#1116600).
- Record
SUSE-SU-2019:1440-1- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVSUSE-SU-2020:0359-1 No score
Security update for rubygem-rack
This update for rubygem-rack to version 2.0.8 fixes the following issues:
- CVE-2018-16471: Fixed a cross-site scripting (XSS) flaw via the scheme method on Rack::Request (bsc#1116600).
- CVE-2019-16782: Fixed a possible information leak and session hijack vulnerability (bsc#1159548).
- Record
SUSE-SU-2020:0359-1- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVUSN-4089-1 No score
ruby-rack vulnerability
It was discovered that Rack incorrectly handled carefully crafted requests. A remote attacker could use this issue to execute a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack.
- Record
USN-4089-1- Updated
- 2026-11-02
Affected products
Affected packages
| Package | Affected | Fixed |
|---|---|---|
rackRubyGems |
2.0.0 up to 2.0.6 | 2.0.6 |
rackRubyGems |
before 1.6.11 | 1.6.11 |
ruby-rackDebian:12 |
before 1.6.4-6 | 1.6.4-6 |
ruby-rackDebian:13 |
before 1.6.4-6 | 1.6.4-6 |
ruby-rackDebian:14 |
before 1.6.4-6 | 1.6.4-6 |
ruby-rackDebian:8 |
before 1.5.2-3+deb8u2, plus listed versions 1.5.2-31.5.2-3+deb8u1 |
1.5.2-3+deb8u2 |
rackRubyGems |
2.0.0 up to 2.0.6, plus listed versions 2.0.12.0.22.0.32.0.42.0.5 |
2.0.6 |
rackRubyGems |
before 1.6.11, plus listed versions 0.1.00.2.00.3.00.4.00.9.0 Show 45 moreShow less0.9.11.0.01.0.11.1.01.1.11.1.1.pre1.1.21.1.31.1.41.1.51.1.61.2.01.2.11.2.21.2.31.2.41.2.51.2.61.2.71.2.81.3.01.3.0.beta1.3.0.beta21.3.11.3.101.3.21.3.31.3.41.3.51.3.61.3.71.3.81.3.91.4.01.4.11.4.21.4.31.4.41.4.51.4.61.4.71.5.01.5.0.beta.11.5.0.beta.21.5.1 |
1.6.11 |
ruby-rackMageia:6 |
before 1.6.11-1.mga6 | 1.6.11-1.mga6 |
rubygem-rackSUSE:OpenStack Cloud 7 |
before 1.6.11-3.3.1 | 1.6.11-3.3.1 |
Show 17 moreShow less
| Package | Affected | Fixed |
|---|---|---|
rubygem-rackSUSE:OpenStack Cloud Crowbar 8 |
before 1.6.11-3.3.1 | 1.6.11-3.3.1 |
rubygem-rackSUSE:Enterprise Storage 4 |
before 1.6.11-3.3.1 | 1.6.11-3.3.1 |
rubygem-rackSUSE:Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 |
before 2.0.8-3.3.1 | 2.0.8-3.3.1 |
rubygem-rackSUSE:Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP1 |
before 2.0.8-3.3.1 | 2.0.8-3.3.1 |
ruby-rackUbuntu:16.04:LTS |
before 1.6.4-3ubuntu0.1, plus listed versions 1.5.2-41.6.4-21.6.4-3 |
1.6.4-3ubuntu0.1 |
ruby-rackUbuntu:18.04:LTS |
before 1.6.4-4ubuntu0.1, plus listed versions 1.6.4-4 |
1.6.4-4ubuntu0.1 |
rubygem-rackopenSUSE:Leap 15.1 |
before 2.0.8-lp151.3.3.1 | 2.0.8-lp151.3.3.1 |
rubygem-rackopenSUSE:Tumbleweed |
before 2.2.3.1-1.1 | 2.2.3.1-1.1 |
rubygem-rack-2.2openSUSE:Tumbleweed |
before 2.2.4-1.1 | 2.2.4-1.1 |
ruby3.2-rubygem-rack-2.2openSUSE:Tumbleweed |
before 2.2.7-1.1 | 2.2.7-1.1 |
ruby3.2-rubygem-rackopenSUSE:Tumbleweed |
before 3.0.7-1.2 | 3.0.7-1.2 |
rubygem-rackopenSUSE:Tumbleweed |
before 3.0.9.1-1.1 | 3.0.9.1-1.1 |
rubygem-rack-2.2openSUSE:Tumbleweed |
before 2.2.8.1-1.1 | 2.2.8.1-1.1 |
rubygem-rack-2.2openSUSE:Tumbleweed |
before 2.2.11-1.1 | 2.2.11-1.1 |
rubygem-rackopenSUSE:Tumbleweed |
before 3.1.12-1.1 | 3.1.12-1.1 |
rubygem-rack-2.2openSUSE:Tumbleweed |
before 2.2.22-1.1 | 2.2.22-1.1 |
rubygem-rackopenSUSE:Tumbleweed |
before 3.1.18-1.3 | 3.1.18-1.3 |
History
| Recorded | Changed | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| aliases | EUVD | |
| first indexed | CVE List, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV |
Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.
In short
CVE-2018-16471 is a medium vulnerability (CVSS 6.1) in Rack, published November 13, 2018. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 1.89%, the 79th percentile. Fixed in rack 2.0.6.
References
groups.google.com/forum
lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/11/msg00022.html
lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-06/msg00032.html
usn.ubuntu.com/4089-1
lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-02/msg00016.html
nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16471
Show 46 moreShow less
github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2018-16471.yml
github.com/advisories/GHSA-5r2p-j47h-mhpg
security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2018-16471
github.com/rack/rack
advisories.mageia.org/MGASA-2018-0449.html
bugs.mageia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=23813
openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2018/11/05/2
suse.com/support/update/announcement/2019/suse-su-20191440-1
bugzilla.suse.com/1114828
bugzilla.suse.com/1116600
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2018-16471
bugzilla.suse.com/SCRD-7716
suse.com/support/update/announcement/2020/suse-su-20200359-1
bugzilla.suse.com/1159548
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2019-16782
ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2018-16471
ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-4089-1
cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-16471
lists.opensuse.org/archives/list/[email protected]/thread/PWBQQBBNBE3RHXMQEZDL7RQ4YUOWFJS5
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2013-0262
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2013-0263
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2015-3225
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2020-8184
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2022-30122
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2022-30123
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2022-44570
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2022-44571
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2022-44572
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-27530
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-27539
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-25126
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-26141
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-26146
lists.opensuse.org/archives/list/[email protected]/thread/FLQ74D2IZAJC5KD6QXVUZAQ6O5LNAWZX
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-25184
lists.opensuse.org/archives/list/[email protected]/thread/MOZFATD6SCQREBY3SZW5KQJPN6KN7A6D
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-27111
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-27610
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-46727
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-59830
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-61770
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-61771
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-61772
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-61919
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-22860
suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-25500
Left out here: 17 versions. The JSON record has them.